Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Norms for Verbal Fluency Tests

Lexical fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to assess language and executive function. As part of the Spanish multicenter normative studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for three semantic fluency tasks (animals, fruit and vegetables, and kitch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of clinical neuropsychology 2009-06, Vol.24 (4), p.395-411
Main Authors: Peña-Casanova, Jordi, Quiñones-Úbeda, Sonia, Gramunt-Fombuena, Nina, Quintana-Aparicio, María, Aguilar, Miquel, Badenes, Dolors, Cerulla, Noemí, Molinuevo, José Luis, Ruiz, Eva, Robles, Alfredo, Barquero, Maria Sagrario, Antúnez, Carmen, Martínez-Parra, Carlos, Frank-García, Anna, Fernández, Manuel, Alfonso, Verónica, Sol, Josep M., Blesa, Rafael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging - psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Cognition
Demography
Educational Status
Female
Geriatric Assessment
Humans
Language
Language Tests
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reference Values
Semantics
Spain
Techniques and methods
Verbal Behavior
Vocabulary
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Summary:Lexical fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to assess language and executive function. As part of the Spanish multicenter normative studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for three semantic fluency tasks (animals, fruit and vegetables, and kitchen tools), three formal lexical tasks (words beginning with P, M, and R), and three excluded letter fluency tasks (excluded A, E, and S). The sample consists of 346 participants who are cognitively normal, community dwelling, and ranging in age from 50 to 94 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. The current norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluating elderly Spanish people. These data may also be of considerable use for comparisons with other international normative studies. Finally, these norms should help improve the interpretation of verbal fluency tasks and allow for greater diagnostic accuracy.
ISSN:0887-6177
1873-5843
DOI:10.1093/arclin/acp042