antimicrobial peptide is downregulated in the small intestine of Eimeria maxima-infected chickens

• Published in: Poultry science 2011-06, Vol.90 (6), p.1212-1219
• Main Authors: Casterlow, S, Li, H, Gilbert, E.R, Dalloul, R.A, McElroy, A.P, Emmerson, D.A, Wong, E.A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: amino acid transporters; Amino acids; Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - genetics; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - metabolism; Antimicrobial peptides; Chickens; chicks; Coccidiosis; Coccidiosis - genetics; Coccidiosis - immunology; Coccidiosis - veterinary; cytochrome P-450; Cytochrome P450; Economics; Eimeria; Eimeria - physiology; Eimeria maxima; feed conversion; Feed efficiency; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; genes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Heat shock proteins; heat stress; Immune system; immunity; Infection; Intestine, Small - metabolism; Jejunum; Keratin; microarray technology; Mortality; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Oocysts; Polymerase chain reaction; Poultry; poultry diseases; Poultry Diseases - genetics; Poultry Diseases - metabolism; poultry industry; Protozoa; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNA; Small intestine
• ISSN: 0032-5791; 1525-3171
• DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01110

Avian coccidiosis is a major disease of poultry caused by the intestinal protozoa EIMERIA: Infection leads to reduced feed efficiency and BW gain, resulting in severe economic losses for the poultry industry. Aviagen line A and line B birds show a differential response to Eimeria infection, with line B birds exhibiting higher lesion scores and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine differential intestinal gene expression between 2-wk-old line A and B chicks in response to a challenge with Eimeria maxima. After challenge with 1 x 10⁴ oocysts/chick, more than 40% of line A chicks had lesion scores of 0 to 1 (scale of 0 to 4), similar to control chicks. In contrast, all line B chicks challenged at this same dose had lesion scores of 2 to 4. Total RNA was extracted from the jejunum of control and challenged chicks from both lines A and B. Microarray analysis revealed that liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), a component of the innate immune system, was downregulated 20-fold in line A challenged chicks with lesion scores of 2 to 4 compared with line A control chicks, and was downregulated 11- to 71-fold in line B challenged chicks with lesion scores of 2 to 4 compared with line B control chicks. Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 was downregulated less than 2-fold in line A challenged chicks with lesion scores of 1 compared with line A control chicks, indicating that these chicks were similar to control chicks in their expression level of LEAP-2. Other genes (cytochrome P450, heat shock protein 25, keratin 19, and amino acid transporter ASCT1) showed different patterns of over- or underexpression. The expression of LEAP-2 was verified using real-time PCR, revealing a correlation between lesion score and magnitude of LEAP-2 downregulation for both line A and line B chicks. Thus, LEAP-2 may serve as a useful marker for identification of chickens resistant to E. maxima infection and potentially other Eimeria spp.