Cervical Spine Model to Predict Capsular Ligament Response in Rear Impact

Predicting neck kinematics and tissue level response is essential to evaluate the potential for occupant injury in rear impact. A detailed 50th percentile male finite element model, previously validated for frontal impact, was validated for rear impact scenarios with material properties based on act...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of biomedical engineering 2011-08, Vol.39 (8), p.2152-2162
Main Authors: Fice, Jason B., Cronin, Duane S., Panzer, Matthew B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accidents, Traffic
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Biophysics
Cervical Vertebrae - injuries
Cervical Vertebrae - pathology
Classical Mechanics
Epidemiology
Finite Element Analysis
Humans
Ligaments - injuries
Male
Models, Anatomic
Models, Biological
Motor vehicles
Muscles
Spine
Whiplash Injuries - pathology
Whiplash Injuries - prevention & control
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Summary:Predicting neck kinematics and tissue level response is essential to evaluate the potential for occupant injury in rear impact. A detailed 50th percentile male finite element model, previously validated for frontal impact, was validated for rear impact scenarios with material properties based on actual tissue properties from the literature. The model was validated for kinematic response using 4g volunteer and 7g cadaver rear impacts, and at the tissue level with 8g isolated full spine rear impact data. The model was then used to predict capsular ligament (CL) strain for increasing rear impact severity, since CL strain has been implicated as a source of prolonged pain resulting from whiplash injury. The model predicted the onset of CL injury for a 14g rear impact, in agreement with motor vehicle crash epidemiology. More extensive and severe injuries were predicted with increasing impact severity. The importance of muscle activation was demonstrated for a 7g rear impact where the CL strain was reduced from 28 to 13% with active muscles. These aspects have not previously been demonstrated experimentally, since injurious load levels cannot be applied to live human subjects. This study bridges the gap between low intensity volunteer impacts and high intensity cadaver impacts, and predicts tissue level response to assess the potential for occupant injury.
ISSN:0090-6964
1573-9686
DOI:10.1007/s10439-011-0315-4