Sodium MRI using a density-adapted 3D radial acquisition technique

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine 2009-12, Vol.62 (6), p.1565-1573
• Main Authors: Nagel, Armin M., Laun, Frederik B., Weber, Marc-André, Matthies, Christian, Semmler, Wolfhard, Schad, Lothar R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Brain - anatomy & histology; Brain - metabolism; density-adapted sampling; field inhomogeneities; Humans; Image Enhancement - methods; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Lower Extremity - anatomy & histology; Lower Extremity - physiology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; projection reconstruction; radial imaging; Reproducibility of Results; sampling density; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium - analysis; sodium magnetic resonance imaging
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594; 1522-2594
• DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22157

A density‐adapted three‐dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence is presented which provides a more efficient k‐space sampling than conventional three‐dimensional projection reconstruction sequences. The gradients of the density‐adapted three‐dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence are designed such that the averaged sampling density in each spherical shell of k‐space is constant. Due to hardware restrictions, an inner sphere of k‐space is sampled without density adaption. This approach benefits from both the straightforward handling of conventional three‐dimensional projection reconstruction sequence trajectories and an enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency akin to the commonly used three‐dimensional twisted projection imaging trajectories. Benefits for low SNR applications, when compared to conventional three‐dimensional projection reconstruction sequences, are demonstrated with the example of sodium imaging. In simulations of the point‐spread function, the SNR of small objects is increased by a factor 1.66 for the density‐adapted three‐dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence sequence. Using analytical and experimental phantoms, it is shown that the density‐adapted three‐dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence allows higher resolutions and is more robust in the presence of field inhomogeneities. High‐quality in vivo images of the healthy human leg muscle and the healthy human brain are acquired. For equivalent scan times, the SNR is up to a factor of 1.8 higher and anatomic details are better resolved using density‐adapted three‐dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.