Nonmodal amplification of stochastic disturbances in strongly elastic channel flows

• Published in: Journal of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics 2011-08, Vol.166 (14), p.755-778
• Main Authors: Jovanović, Mihailo R., Kumar, Satish
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Elastic turbulence; Exact sciences and technology; Fluctuation; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Inertialess flows; Mathematical analysis; Non-newtonian fluid flows; Physics; Polymer stretching; Singular perturbations; Stochasticity; Transition to turbulence; Turbulence; Turbulent flow; Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer; Variance amplification; Viscoelastic fluids
• ISSN: 0377-0257; 1873-2631
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2011.02.010

► Streamwise-constant stochastically driven channel flows of Oldroyd-B fluids are considered. ► The linearized dynamics can be decomposed into slow and fast subsystems for high elasticity numbers. ► Large variances of velocity and stress fluctuations can be sustained even if inertial effects are weak. ► The mechanism involves polymer stretching that produces a vortex-tilting-like effect. ► The results suggest a possible route for the early stages of transition to elastic turbulence. Nonmodal amplification of stochastic disturbances in elasticity-dominated channel flows of Oldroyd-B fluids is analyzed in this work. For streamwise-constant flows with high elasticity numbers μ and finite Weissenberg numbers We, we show that the linearized dynamics can be decomposed into slow and fast subsystems, and establish analytically that the steady-state variances of velocity and polymer stress fluctuations scale as O ( We 2 ) and O ( We 4 ) , respectively. This demonstrates that large velocity variance can be sustained even in weakly inertial stochastically driven channel flows of viscoelastic fluids. We further show that the wall-normal and spanwise forces have the strongest impact on the flow fluctuations, and that the influence of these forces is largest on fluctuations in the streamwise velocity and the streamwise component of the polymer stress tensor. The underlying physical mechanism involves polymer stretching that introduces a lift-up of flow fluctuations similar to vortex tilting in inertia-dominated flows. The validity of our analytical results is confirmed in stochastic simulations. The phenomenon examined here provides a possible route for the early stages of a bypass transition to elastic turbulence and might be exploited to enhance mixing in microfluidic devices.