Effects of heat stress on proliferation, protein turnover, and abundance of heat shock protein messenger ribonucleic acid in cultured porcine muscle satellite cells

• Published in: Journal of animal science 2011-11, Vol.89 (11), p.3473-3480
• Main Authors: KAMANGA-SOLLO, E, PAMPUSCH, M. S, WHITE, M. E, HATHAWAY, M. R, DAYTON, W. R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal productions; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Blotting, Western - veterinary; Cell culture; Cell Proliferation; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics; Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; Heat-Shock Response - physiology; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; Male; Muscle, Skeletal - cytology; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Myoblasts; Protein Biosynthesis - physiology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary; RNA, Messenger - chemistry; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Swine - growth & development; Swine - metabolism; Terrestrial animal productions; Vertebrates
• ISSN: 0021-8812; 1525-3163
• DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4123

It is well established that heat stress (HS) negatively affects growth rate in swine. Although reduced feed intake undoubtedly plays a significant role in this reduction, studies in laboratory animals and other nonswine species indicate muscle growth also is affected by HS-related alterations in muscle physiology. Evidence is now emerging that heat shock proteins (Hsp), produced in response to HS and other types of cellular stress, may play an important role in regulating the rate and efficiency of muscle growth. Because muscle satellite cells play a crucial role in postnatal muscle growth, the effects of HS on rates of satellite cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and protein degradation play an important role in determining the rate and extent of muscle growth. Consequently, in the current study we have examined the effects of mild HS (40.5°C for 48 h) on the rates of proliferation, protein synthesis, and protein degradation and on quantities of Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hsp25/27 mRNA and protein in cultured porcine muscle satellite cells (PSC). Mild HS of PSC cultures resulted in 2.5-, 1.4-, and 6.5-fold increases (P < 0.05) in the abundance of Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hsp25/27 mRNA, respectively, relative to control cultures. Abundance of Hsp 90, 70, and 25/27 proteins was also increased in HS PSC cultures compared with those in control cultures. Proliferation rates in HS PSC cultures were 35% less (P < 0.05) than those in control cultures. Protein synthesis rates in HS-fused PSC cultures were 85% greater (P < 0.05) than those in control cultures, and protein degradation rates in HS-fused PSC were 23% less (P < 0.05) than those in control cultures. In light of the crucial role satellite cells play in postnatal muscle growth, the HS-induced changes we have observed in rates of proliferation, protein turnover, and abundance of Hsp mRNA and Hsp protein in PSC cultures indicate that mild HS affects the physiology of PSC in ways that could affect muscle growth in swine.