One year environmental surveillance of rotavirus specie A (RVA) genotypes in circulation after the introduction of the Rotarix registered vaccine in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rotavirus specie A (RVA) infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide. To reduce this major RVA health impact, the Rotarix registered vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) was introduced in the Brazilian Expanded Immunization Program in March 2006 an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2011-11, Vol.45 (17), p.5755-5763
Main Authors: Fumian, Tulio Machado, Gagliardi Leite, Jose Paulo, Rose, Tatiana Lundgreen, Prado, Tatiana, Miagostovich, Marize Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brazil
Circulation
Economics
Genomes
Rio de Janeiro
Rotavirus
Sewage
Strain
Vaccines
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Summary:Rotavirus specie A (RVA) infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide. To reduce this major RVA health impact, the Rotarix registered vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) was introduced in the Brazilian Expanded Immunization Program in March 2006 and became available to the entire birth cohort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread of RVA in the environment after the introduction of Rotarix registered in Brazil. For this purpose, a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) in Rio de Janeiro was monitored for one year to detect, characterize and discriminate RVA genotypes and identify possible circulation of vaccine strains. Using TaqMan registered quantitative PCR (qPCR), RVA was detected in 100% (mean viral loads from 2.40105 to 1.16107 genome copies (GC)/L) of sewage influent samples and 71% (mean viral loads from 1.35103 to 1.64105GC/L) of sewage effluent samples. The most prevalent RVA genotypes were P[4], P[6] and G2, based on VP4 and VP7 classification. Direct nucleotide sequencing (NSP4 fragment) and restriction enzyme digestion (NSP3) analysis did not detect RVA vaccine-like strains from the sewage samples. These data on RVA detection, quantification and molecular characterization highlight the importance of environmental monitoring as a tool to study RVA epidemiology in the surrounding human population and may be useful on ongoing vaccine monitoring programs, since sewage may be a good screening option for a rapid and economical overview of the circulating genotypes.
ISSN:0043-1354
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.039