Executive summary--nutritional care of HIV-infected adolescents and adults, including pregnant and lactating women: what do we know, what can we do, and where do we go from here?

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition 2011-12, Vol.94 (6), p.1667S-1676S
• Main Authors: Raiten, Daniel J, Mulligan, Kathleen, Papathakis, Peggy, Wanke, Christine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - complications; Adolescent; adolescents; Adult; adults; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Antiretroviral drugs; Child; Child, Preschool; children; Childrens health; chronic exposure; clinical nutrition; Delivery of Health Care; diabetes; dietary recommendations; disease prevalence; drugs; Female; food security; foods; guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - physiopathology; HIV Infections - therapy; human health; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Humans; Infant; Lactation; long term care; malaria; Male; malnutrition; Mycobacterium; nutrient requirements; Nutrition; nutrition science; Nutrition Therapy; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Sciences; obesity; pandemic; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - therapy; pregnant women; sanitation; Supplement—Nutrition in Clinical Management of HIV-Infected Adolescents (>14 y old) and Adults including Pregnant and Lactating Women: What Do We Know, What Can We Do, and Where Do We Go from Here?; tuberculosis; Womens health; World Health Organization
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.019711

The HIV pandemic continues to place an unbearable burden on the international community, with disease prevalence remaining highest in resource-limited settings in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. HIV is most often imposed on conditions of food insecurity and consequent malnutrition, poor sanitation, and chronic exposure to a myriad of infectious (eg, malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal) and noncommunicable (eg, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular) diseases. Women and children continue to bear the greatest burden. Two essential tenets underpin our approach to HIV: 1) antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are essential to prolong lives and to halt the spread of HIV and AIDS and 2) food and sound nutrition are essential to human health. The challenge is to apply sound principles of clinical care and nutrition science to the safe and efficacious implementation of ARVs and for long-term care for people living with HIV and AIDS. The WHO has played a leading role in developing guidelines to support this goal with the generation of general recommendations regarding nutritional needs of people living with HIV and AIDS and specific guidelines for the nutritional care of HIV-infected infants and children (