Topology of Double-Membraned Vesicles and the Opportunity for Non-Lytic Release of Cytoplasm

Infection of mammalian cells with several positive-strand RNA viruses induces double-membraned vesicles whose cytosolic surfaces serve as platforms for viral RNA replication. Our recent publication (Jackson et al., PLoS Biology 3: 861-871, 2005) chronicled several similarities between poliovirus-ind...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Autophagy 2005-10, Vol.1 (3), p.182-184
Main Authors: Kirkegaard, Karla, Jackson, William T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autophagy
Autophagy-Related Protein 12
Binding
Biology
Bioscience
Calcium
Cancer
Cell
Cycle
Cytoplasm - physiology
Cytoplasmic Vesicles - physiology
Humans
Intracellular Membranes - physiology
Landes
Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 - metabolism
Microtubule-Associated Proteins - metabolism
Organogenesis
Phagosomes - physiology
Poliovirus - metabolism
Poliovirus - physiology
Proteins
Proteins - metabolism
RNA Interference
RNA, Viral - metabolism
Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins
Virus Replication
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Summary:Infection of mammalian cells with several positive-strand RNA viruses induces double-membraned vesicles whose cytosolic surfaces serve as platforms for viral RNA replication. Our recent publication (Jackson et al., PLoS Biology 3: 861-871, 2005) chronicled several similarities between poliovirus-induced membranes andautophagosomes, including induced co-localization of GFP-LC3 and LAMP1. Occasionally, the cytosolic lumen of these structures also contains viral particles; this likely results from wrapping of cytosol, which can contain high viral concentrations late in infection, by newly formed double membranes. Interestingly, RNAi treatment to reduce LC3 or Atg12p concentrations reduced yields of extracellular virus even more than intracellular virus. It is often assumed that exit of non-enveloped viruses such as poliovirus requires cell lysis. However, we hypothesize that autophagosome-like double-membranes, which can become single-membraned upon maturation, provide a long-sought mechanism for the observed non-lytic release of cytoplasmic viruses and possibly other cytoplasmic material resistant to the environment of maturing autophagosomes.
ISSN:1554-8627
1554-8635
DOI:10.4161/auto.1.3.2065