Intestinal Inflammation as a Dysbiosis of Energy Procurement: New Insights into an Old Topic

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) coincides with profound shifts in microbiota and host metabolic energy supply and demand. The gastrointestinal epithelium is anatomically positioned to provide a selective barrier between the anaerobic luminal microbiota and host lamina propria, with the microbiota a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Gut microbes 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.1-20
Main Authors: Lee, J. Scott, Wang, Ruth X., Alexeev, Erica E., Colgan, Sean P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
butyrate
Butyrates - metabolism
colitis
creatine
Creatine - metabolism
Dysbiosis - metabolism
Dysbiosis - microbiology
Dysbiosis - pathology
Energy Metabolism
epithelium
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - metabolism
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - microbiology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - pathology
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
Metabolism
microbiota
purine
Purines - metabolism
Review
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Summary:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) coincides with profound shifts in microbiota and host metabolic energy supply and demand. The gastrointestinal epithelium is anatomically positioned to provide a selective barrier between the anaerobic luminal microbiota and host lamina propria, with the microbiota and epithelium participating in an intricate energy exchange necessary for homeostasis. Maintenance and restoration of the barrier requires high energy flux and places significant demands on available substrates to generate ATP. It is recently appreciated that components of the microbiota contribute significantly to a multitude of biochemical pathways within and outside of the mucosa. Decades-old studies have appreciated that byproducts of the microbiota provide essential sources of energy to the intestinal epithelium, especially the colon. More recent work has unveiled the existence of numerous microbial-derived metabolites that support energy procurement within the mucosa. It is now appreciated that disease-associated shifts in the microbiota, termed dysbiosis, places significant demands on energy acquisition within the mucosa. Here, we review the topic of host- and microbial-derived components that influence tissue energetics in health and during disease.
ISSN:1949-0976
1949-0984
DOI:10.1080/19490976.2021.1880241