Association Between Body Composition and Development of Glucose Intolerance after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

• Published in: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention biomarkers & prevention, 2022-11, Vol.31 (11), p.2004-2010
• Main Authors: Bhandari, Rusha, Teh, Jennifer Berano, He, Tianhui, Peng, Kelly, Iukuridze, Aleksi, Atencio, Liezl, Nakamura, Ryotaro, Mostoufi-Moab, Sogol, McCormack, Shana, Lee, Kyuwan, Wong, F Lennie, Armenian, Saro H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body Composition; Female; Glucose Intolerance - etiology; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity - etiology; Overweight; Retrospective Studies; Transplantation, Homologous
• ISSN: 1055-9965; 1538-7755
• DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1449

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients have increased risk of developing glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus (DM). The strongest risk factor for glucose intolerance is being overweight/obese, as determined by body mass index (BMI), which does not account for differences in body composition. We examined the association between body composition measures from pre-HCT CT and early-onset (≤30 days) de novo glucose intolerance after HCT, and determined its impact on nonrelapse mortality (NRM). This study included 749 patients without pre-HCT DM. Skeletal muscle loss [abnormal skeletal muscle gauge (SMG)] and abnormal visceral adiposity (VA) were defined by sex-specific tertiles. Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution HR estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained to determine the association between muscle loss and VA and development of glucose intolerance. 1 year NRM was calculated for patients alive at day 30. Median age at HCT was 50.2 years. By day 30, 8.1% of patients developed glucose intolerance and 731 remained alive. In multivariable analysis, abnormal SMG was associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance in nonoverweight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) patients (HR = 3.00; 95% CI, 1.15-7.81; P = 0.024); abnormal VA was associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance in overweight/obese patients (HR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.24-4.12; P = 0.008). Glucose intolerance was independently associated with NRM (HR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.05-3.39; P = 0.035). Abnormal SMG and VA were associated with glucose intolerance in nonoverweight and overweight/obese patients, respectively, which contributed to increased risk of 1 year NRM. This information may guide personalized interventions to decrease the risk of adverse outcomes after HCT. See related commentary by Giri and Williams, p. 2002.