Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application

Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2023-06, Vol.16 (12), p.4483
Main Authors: Souto-Lopes, Mariana, Fernandes, Maria Helena, Monteiro, Fernando Jorge, Salgado, Christiane Laranjo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
Aerogels
Bioengineering
Biological products
Biomedical materials
Biomimetics
Bones
Cellulose
Civil engineering
Defects
Differentiation (biology)
Hydroxyapatite
In vivo methods and tests
Mechanical properties
Microstructure
Nanocrystals
Porous materials
Raw materials
Regeneration (physiology)
Review
Scaffolds
Skin & tissue grafts
Surgical implants
Three dimensional models
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based bone scaffold preparation methods have been increasingly improved to overcome the difficulties in balancing the need for an open highly porous and hierarchically organized microstructure with compression resistance to withstand bone physiological loads, especially in wet conditions. Moreover, these improved aerogel scaffolds have been implanted in vivo in critical bone defects, in order to test their bone regeneration potential. This review addresses recently published studies on aerogel composite (organic/inorganic)-based scaffolds, having in mind the various cutting-edge technologies and raw biomaterials used, as well as the improvements that are still a challenge in terms of their relevant properties. Finally, the lack of 3D in vitro models of bone tissue for regeneration studies is emphasized, as well as the need for further developments to overcome and minimize the requirement for studies using in vivo animal models.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma16124483