Long-term follow-up of rituximab plus bendamustine and cytarabine in older patients with newly diagnosed MCL

• Published in: Blood advances 2023-08, Vol.7 (15), p.3916-3924
• Main Authors: Tisi, Maria Chiara, Moia, Riccardo, Patti, Caterina, Evangelista, Andrea, Ferrero, Simone, Spina, Michele, Tani, Monica, Botto, Barbara, Celli, Melania, Puccini, Benedetta, Cencini, Emanuele, Di Rocco, Alice, Chini, Claudio, Ghiggi, Chiara, Zambello, Renato, Zanni, Manuela, Sciarra, Roberta, Bruna, Riccardo, Ferrante, Martina, Pileri, Stefano Alessandro, Quaglia, Francesca Maria, Stelitano, Caterina, Re, Alessandro, Volpetti, Stefano, Zilioli, Vittorio Ruggero, Arcari, Annalisa, Merli, Francesco, Visco, Carlo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Clinical Trials and Observations
• ISSN: 2473-9529; 2473-9537
• DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009744

•R-BAC is associated with high rate of sustained remissions in older patients with MCL.•After 7 years of follow-up, the median OS and PFS were not reached, with no signal of late toxicity. [Display omitted] The combination of rituximab, bendamustine, and low-dose cytarabine (R-BAC) has been studied in a phase 2 prospective multicenter study from Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (RBAC500). In 57 previously untreated elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), R-BAC was associated with a complete remission rate of 91% and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 81% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68-89). Here, we report the long-term survival outcomes, late toxicities, and results of minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluation. After a median follow-up of 86 months (range, 57-107 months), the median overall survival (OS) and PFS were not reached. The 7-year PFS and OS rates were 55% (95% CI, 41-67), and 63% (95% CI, 49-74), respectively. Patients who responded (n = 53) had a 7-year PFS of 59% (95% CI, 44-71), with no relapse or progression registered after the sixth year. In the multivariate analysis, blastoid/pleomorphic morphology was the strongest adverse predictive factor for PFS (P = .04). Patients with an end of treatment negative MRD had better, but not significant, outcomes for both PFS and OS than patients with MRD-positive (P = 0.148 and P = 0.162, respectively). There was no signal of late toxicity or an increase in secondary malignancies during the prolonged follow-up. In conclusion, R-BAC, which was not followed by maintenance therapy, showed sustained efficacy over time in older patients with MCL. Survival outcomes compare favorably with those of other immunochemotherapy regimens (with or without maintenance), including combinations of BTK inhibitors upfront. This study was registered with EudraCT as 2011-005739-23 and at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01662050.