State-Specific Prevalence of Depression Among Adults With and Without Diabetes - United States, 2011-2019

• Published in: Preventing chronic disease 2023-08, Vol.20, p.E70-E70, Article 220407
• Main Authors: Koyama, Alain K, Hora, Israel A, Bullard, Kai McKeever, Benoit, Stephen R, Tang, Shichao, Cho, Pyone
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age groups; Cellular telephones; Chronic illnesses; Diabetes; Disease control; Disease prevention; Estimates; Ethnicity; Family income; Health insurance; Households; Insurance coverage; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Original Research; Polls & surveys; Self report; Sociodemographics; Socioeconomic factors; Trends; Womens health
• ISSN: 1545-1151; 1545-1151
• DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.220407

In 2019 among US adults, 1 in 9 had diagnosed diabetes and 1 in 5 had diagnosed depression. Since these conditions frequently coexist, compounding their health and economic burden, we examined state-specific trends in depression prevalence among US adults with and without diagnosed diabetes. We used data from the 2011 through 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to evaluate self-reported diabetes and depression prevalence. Joinpoint regression estimated state-level trends in depression prevalence by diabetes status. In 2019, the overall prevalence of depression in US adults with and without diabetes was 29.2% (95% CI, 27.8%-30.6%) and 17.9% (95% CI, 17.6%-18.1%), respectively. From 2011 to 2019, the depression prevalence was relatively stable for adults with diabetes (28.6% versus 29.2%) but increased for those without diabetes from 15.5% to 17.9% (average annual percent change [APC] over the 9-year period = 1.6%, P = .015). The prevalence of depression was consistently more than 10 percentage points higher among adults with diabetes than those without diabetes. The APC showed a significant increase in some states (Illinois: 5.9%, Kansas: 3.5%) and a significant decrease in others (Arizona: -5.1%, Florida: -4.0%, Colorado: -3.4%, Washington: -0.9%). In 2019, although it varied by state, the depression prevalence among adults with diabetes was highest in states with a higher diabetes burden such as Kentucky (47.9%), West Virginia (47.0%), and Maine (41.5%). US adults with diabetes are more likely to report prevalent depression compared with adults without diabetes. These findings highlight the importance of screening and monitoring for depression as a potential complication among adults with diabetes.