An Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance-Based Serosurvey of Poliovirus Antibodies in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Background. Despite intensified use of monovalent oral poliovirus type 1 vaccine and improved coverage of immunization campaigns, wild poliovirus type 1 persisted in Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar during 2006 to 2009. Methods. A serosurvey was conducted among cases of acute flaccid paralys...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2014-11, Vol.210 (suppl 1), p.S234-S242
Main Authors: Bahl, Sunil, Gary, Howard E., Jafari, Hamid, Sarkar, Bidyut K., Pathyarch, Surendra K., Sethi, Raman, Deshpande, Jagadish
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age Factors
Age groups
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Child, Preschool
Epidemiological Monitoring
Female
Growth retardation
Health surveillance
Humans
Immunity
India - epidemiology
Infant
Islam
Male
Oral poliovirus vaccines
Paralysis - diagnosis
Paralysis - epidemiology
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus
Poliovirus - immunology
Poliovirus vaccines
Poliovirus Vaccines - administration & dosage
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Serologic Tests
SOUTHEAST ASIA REGION
Vaccination - methods
Vaccination - statistics & numerical data
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Summary:Background. Despite intensified use of monovalent oral poliovirus type 1 vaccine and improved coverage of immunization campaigns, wild poliovirus type 1 persisted in Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar during 2006 to 2009. Methods. A serosurvey was conducted among cases of acute flaccid paralysis in the 25 high-polio-incidence districts of western Uttar Pradesh. Children were recruited by age group (6-11 months, 12-24 months, and 25-69 months) from among cases reported through the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system between November 2008 and August 2009. Results. Seroprevalence for type 1 wild poliovirus was >96.4% for each age group. The seroprevalence of wild poliovirus types 2 and 3 increased with age, from 36.7% to 73.4% for type 2 and from 39.0% to 74.1% for type 3. In addition to the number of type-specific vaccine doses, father's level of education, being from a Muslim family, height for age, and female sex were the socioeconomic risk factors associated with seronegativity to poliovirus. Conclusions. The seroprevalence and risk factors identified in this study were consistent with the epidemiology of polio, and the findings were instrumental in optimizing vaccination strategy in western Uttar Pradesh with respect to the choice of OPV types, the frequency of supplementary immunization campaigns, and the urgency to improve routine immunization services.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu379