Iodine Nutrition in Children ≤2 years of Age in Norway

As a component of the thyroid hormones (THs), iodine is vital for normal neurodevelopment during early life. However, both deficient and excess iodine may affect TH production, and data on iodine status in young children are scarce. To describe iodine nutrition (iodine status and intake) in children...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of nutrition 2023-11, Vol.153 (11), p.3237-3246
Main Authors: Aarsland, Tonje E., Solvik, Beate S., Bakken, Kjersti S., Sleire, Synnøve Næss, Kaldenbach, Siri, Holten-Andersen, Mads N., Nermo, Kristina R., Fauskerud, Ingunn T., Østvedt, Thobias H., Lohne, Solfrid, Gjengedal, Elin L.F., Strand, Tor A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
24-h dietary recall
Age
Breast milk
breast milk iodine concentration
Children
Childrens health
Correlation coefficient
Correlation coefficients
Diet
females of childbearing age
Hormones
infants
Iodine
iodine intake
iodine status
lactating females
Multiple Source Method
Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition
Nutrition
Thyroid
Thyroid hormones
toddlers
urinary iodine concentration
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Summary:As a component of the thyroid hormones (THs), iodine is vital for normal neurodevelopment during early life. However, both deficient and excess iodine may affect TH production, and data on iodine status in young children are scarce. To describe iodine nutrition (iodine status and intake) in children ≤2 y of age in Innlandet County (Norway) and to describe the associations with maternal iodine nutrition. A cross-sectional study was performed in a representative sample of mother–child pairs selected from 30 municipalities from November 2020 until October 2021. Iodine status [child urinary iodine concentration (UIC), maternal UIC, and breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC)] was measured. Child’s iodine intake was estimated using 2 24-h dietary recalls (24-HR) and a food frequency questionnaire. The Multiple Source Method was used to estimate the usual iodine intake distributions from the 24-HR assessments. The median UIC in 333 children was 145 μg/L, indicating adequate iodine status according to the WHO cutoff (100 μg/L). The median usual iodine intake was 83 μg/d. Furthermore, 35% had suboptimal usual iodine intakes [below the proposed Estimated average requirement (72 μg/d)], whereas
ISSN:0022-3166
1541-6100
DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.013