Short and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Octogenarian Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Comparative Analysis of Revascularization Strategies Versus Medical Management

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-01, Vol.16 (1), p.e51430
• Main Authors: Baalaraj, Fawaz S, Almalki, Mohammed E, Almalki, Mansour M, Habeeb, Dyaa E, Abdulrahman, Shahad T, Almaghrabi, Murouj, Alqahtani, Saad F, Munshi, Mutaz F, Alghamdi, Ismail, Alzoobiy, Abdalla, Taha, Ahmed, Ismail, Mamdouh, Ghabashi, Abdullah, Otain, Mohammad O, Khouj, Saleh M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cardiology; Internal Medicine; Therapeutics
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51430

As the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among older individuals, cardiovascular disease remains a major concern. Choosing between revascularization and medical management of elderly patients remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the clinical implications of these treatment approaches in the context of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in octogenarian patients. This observational cohort study involved 41 octogenarian patients who were diagnosed with NSTEMI from 2019 to 2021 and were managed by revascularization (with either percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or both) or conservative medical therapy. All NSTEMI patients were diagnosed based on symptoms, electrocardiographic changes, and cardiac biomarkers. The study compared the short- and long-term outcomes of 13 patients in the revascularization group and 28 in the medical therapy group. Overall, the mean patient age was 84.63 years. Eighteen patients were men (43.9%), and 23 were women (56.1%). The most prevalent disease among the sample was hypertension (34 patients, 82.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus (27 patients, 65.9%) and prior ischemic heart disease (21 patients, 51.2%). Almost all patients in the revascularization-treated group developed complications after the procedure (84.6%), while 46.4% of the patients in the medication-only group developed a complication later on. The revascularization-treated group showed higher mortality rates in both the short- and long-term (23.1% and 38.5%, respectively) compared to the medication-only group, which showed better survival rates numerically in both the short- and long-term (14.3% and 32.1%, respectively). This was not statistically significant. Revascularization treatment in elderly patients with NSTEMI was associated with a higher risk of complications and a higher mortality rate compared with conservative medical management. Patients managed with only medications had a better survival rate in both the short- and long-term.