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The Significance of Hematuria in Podocytopathies
Hematuria is frequently present in podocytopathies, but its significance and prognostic value is not well described in these proteinuric kidney diseases. This study describes the prevalence and association between hematuria and kidney-related outcomes in these disorders. Hematuria was assessed at th...
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| Published in: | Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.56-66 |
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| creator | Marchel, Dorota Trachtman, Howard Larkina, Maria Helmuth, Margaret Lai Yee, Jennifer Y Fermin, Damian Bomback, Andrew S Canetta, Pietro A Gipson, Debbie S Mottl, Amy K Parekh, Rulan S Saha, Manish K Sampson, Matthew G Lafayette, Richard A Mariani, Laura H |
| description | Hematuria is frequently present in podocytopathies, but its significance and prognostic value is not well described in these proteinuric kidney diseases. This study describes the prevalence and association between hematuria and kidney-related outcomes in these disorders.
Hematuria was assessed at the initial urinalysis in participants with the following podocytopathies-membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, and FSGS-in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network and Cure Glomerulonephropathy cohorts with >24 months of follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fit for time to composite outcome (kidney failure or 40% decline in eGFR and eGFR |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000309 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10843204</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2867151991</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-78fe09a5ef2104a3f3ca28eb0892cc148dc58cf0064b303bae9a34bac5adecce3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkE1Lw0AQhhdRbK3-A5EcvaTuZ5OcRIpapahgBW_LZDPbrqTZmk2E_nsjraU6lxmYd96ZeQg5Z3TIOVNX48enId0PQbMD0mdKqTij6v1wV0vWIychfFAqpeDqmPREkgghFO8TOltg9OrmlbPOQGUw8jaa4BKatnYQuSp68YU368avoFk4DKfkyEIZ8GybB-Tt7nY2nsTT5_uH8c00NmIkmjhJLdIMFFrOqARhhQGeYk7TjBvDZFoYlRpL6UjmgoocMAMhczAKCjQGxYBcb3xXbb7EwmDV1FDqVe2WUK-1B6f_diq30HP_pRlNuy-p7Bwutw61_2wxNHrpgsGyhAp9GzRPRwlTLMtYJ5Ubqal9CDXa3R5G9Q9t3dHW_2l3Yxf7N-6GfvGKbwMAe6E</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2867151991</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Significance of Hematuria in Podocytopathies</title><source>Open Access: PubMed Central</source><source>American Society of Nephrology</source><creator>Marchel, Dorota ; Trachtman, Howard ; Larkina, Maria ; Helmuth, Margaret ; Lai Yee, Jennifer Y ; Fermin, Damian ; Bomback, Andrew S ; Canetta, Pietro A ; Gipson, Debbie S ; Mottl, Amy K ; Parekh, Rulan S ; Saha, Manish K ; Sampson, Matthew G ; Lafayette, Richard A ; Mariani, Laura H</creator><creatorcontrib>Marchel, Dorota ; Trachtman, Howard ; Larkina, Maria ; Helmuth, Margaret ; Lai Yee, Jennifer Y ; Fermin, Damian ; Bomback, Andrew S ; Canetta, Pietro A ; Gipson, Debbie S ; Mottl, Amy K ; Parekh, Rulan S ; Saha, Manish K ; Sampson, Matthew G ; Lafayette, Richard A ; Mariani, Laura H ; Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN) ; Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</creatorcontrib><description>Hematuria is frequently present in podocytopathies, but its significance and prognostic value is not well described in these proteinuric kidney diseases. This study describes the prevalence and association between hematuria and kidney-related outcomes in these disorders.
Hematuria was assessed at the initial urinalysis in participants with the following podocytopathies-membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, and FSGS-in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network and Cure Glomerulonephropathy cohorts with >24 months of follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fit for time to composite outcome (kidney failure or 40% decline in eGFR and eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) and proteinuria remission (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] <0.3 mg/mg).
Among the 1516 adults and children in the study, 528 participants (35%) had FSGS, 499 (33%) had minimal change disease, and 489 (32%) had membranous nephropathy. Median (interquartile range) time from biopsy until the initial study urinalysis was 260 (49-750) days, and 498 participants (33%) were positive for hematuria. Participants with hematuria compared with those without were older (37 [16-55] versus 33 [12-55] years), more likely to have an underlying diagnosis of membranous nephropathy (44% versus 27%), had shorter time since biopsy (139 [27-477] versus 325 [89-878] days), and had higher UPCR (3.8 [1.4-8.0] versus 0.9 [0.1-3.1] g/g). After adjusting for diagnosis, age, sex, UPCR, eGFR, time since biopsy, and study cohort, hematuria was associated with a higher risk of reaching the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.65; P value, 0.02) and lower rate of reaching proteinuria remission (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.98; P value, 0.03).
Hematuria is prevalent among participants with the three podocytopathies and is significantly and independently associated with worse kidney-related outcomes, including both progressive loss of kidney function and remission of proteinuria.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1555-9041</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1555-905X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1555-905X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000309</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37733352</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society of Nephrology</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - complications ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - urine ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - complications ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - epidemiology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - urine ; Hematuria - etiology ; Hematuria - urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrosis, Lipoid - complications ; Nephrosis, Lipoid - epidemiology ; Nephrosis, Lipoid - urine ; Original ; Podocytes - pathology ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria - etiology ; Proteinuria - urine ; Time Factors ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.56-66</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2023 by the American Society of Nephrology.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 by the American Society of Nephrology 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-78fe09a5ef2104a3f3ca28eb0892cc148dc58cf0064b303bae9a34bac5adecce3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-78fe09a5ef2104a3f3ca28eb0892cc148dc58cf0064b303bae9a34bac5adecce3</cites><orcidid>0009-0008-5909-2655 ; 0000-0001-5449-1667 ; 0000-0002-0548-3967 ; 0000-0002-4258-1726 ; 0009-0006-7778-292 ; 0000-0003-4473-9045 ; 0000-0002-6055-764 ; 0000-0003-1130-5486 ; 0000-0002-6055-764X ; 0009-0006-7778-292X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843204/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843204/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,4011,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37733352$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marchel, Dorota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trachtman, Howard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larkina, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helmuth, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai Yee, Jennifer Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fermin, Damian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bomback, Andrew S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canetta, Pietro A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gipson, Debbie S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mottl, Amy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parekh, Rulan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saha, Manish K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sampson, Matthew G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lafayette, Richard A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, Laura H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</creatorcontrib><title>The Significance of Hematuria in Podocytopathies</title><title>Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology</title><addtitle>Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</addtitle><description>Hematuria is frequently present in podocytopathies, but its significance and prognostic value is not well described in these proteinuric kidney diseases. This study describes the prevalence and association between hematuria and kidney-related outcomes in these disorders.
Hematuria was assessed at the initial urinalysis in participants with the following podocytopathies-membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, and FSGS-in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network and Cure Glomerulonephropathy cohorts with >24 months of follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fit for time to composite outcome (kidney failure or 40% decline in eGFR and eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) and proteinuria remission (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] <0.3 mg/mg).
Among the 1516 adults and children in the study, 528 participants (35%) had FSGS, 499 (33%) had minimal change disease, and 489 (32%) had membranous nephropathy. Median (interquartile range) time from biopsy until the initial study urinalysis was 260 (49-750) days, and 498 participants (33%) were positive for hematuria. Participants with hematuria compared with those without were older (37 [16-55] versus 33 [12-55] years), more likely to have an underlying diagnosis of membranous nephropathy (44% versus 27%), had shorter time since biopsy (139 [27-477] versus 325 [89-878] days), and had higher UPCR (3.8 [1.4-8.0] versus 0.9 [0.1-3.1] g/g). After adjusting for diagnosis, age, sex, UPCR, eGFR, time since biopsy, and study cohort, hematuria was associated with a higher risk of reaching the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.65; P value, 0.02) and lower rate of reaching proteinuria remission (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.98; P value, 0.03).
Hematuria is prevalent among participants with the three podocytopathies and is significantly and independently associated with worse kidney-related outcomes, including both progressive loss of kidney function and remission of proteinuria.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases</subject><subject>Glomerular Filtration Rate</subject><subject>Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - complications</subject><subject>Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - urine</subject><subject>Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - complications</subject><subject>Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - epidemiology</subject><subject>Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - urine</subject><subject>Hematuria - etiology</subject><subject>Hematuria - urine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrosis, Lipoid - complications</subject><subject>Nephrosis, Lipoid - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nephrosis, Lipoid - urine</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Podocytes - pathology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Proteinuria - etiology</subject><subject>Proteinuria - urine</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1555-9041</issn><issn>1555-905X</issn><issn>1555-905X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkE1Lw0AQhhdRbK3-A5EcvaTuZ5OcRIpapahgBW_LZDPbrqTZmk2E_nsjraU6lxmYd96ZeQg5Z3TIOVNX48enId0PQbMD0mdKqTij6v1wV0vWIychfFAqpeDqmPREkgghFO8TOltg9OrmlbPOQGUw8jaa4BKatnYQuSp68YU368avoFk4DKfkyEIZ8GybB-Tt7nY2nsTT5_uH8c00NmIkmjhJLdIMFFrOqARhhQGeYk7TjBvDZFoYlRpL6UjmgoocMAMhczAKCjQGxYBcb3xXbb7EwmDV1FDqVe2WUK-1B6f_diq30HP_pRlNuy-p7Bwutw61_2wxNHrpgsGyhAp9GzRPRwlTLMtYJ5Ubqal9CDXa3R5G9Q9t3dHW_2l3Yxf7N-6GfvGKbwMAe6E</recordid><startdate>20240101</startdate><enddate>20240101</enddate><creator>Marchel, Dorota</creator><creator>Trachtman, Howard</creator><creator>Larkina, Maria</creator><creator>Helmuth, Margaret</creator><creator>Lai Yee, Jennifer Y</creator><creator>Fermin, Damian</creator><creator>Bomback, Andrew S</creator><creator>Canetta, Pietro A</creator><creator>Gipson, Debbie S</creator><creator>Mottl, Amy K</creator><creator>Parekh, Rulan S</creator><creator>Saha, Manish K</creator><creator>Sampson, Matthew G</creator><creator>Lafayette, Richard A</creator><creator>Mariani, Laura H</creator><general>American Society of Nephrology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5909-2655</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-1667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3967</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-1726</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7778-292</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-9045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-764</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-5486</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-764X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7778-292X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240101</creationdate><title>The Significance of Hematuria in Podocytopathies</title><author>Marchel, Dorota ; Trachtman, Howard ; Larkina, Maria ; Helmuth, Margaret ; Lai Yee, Jennifer Y ; Fermin, Damian ; Bomback, Andrew S ; Canetta, Pietro A ; Gipson, Debbie S ; Mottl, Amy K ; Parekh, Rulan S ; Saha, Manish K ; Sampson, Matthew G ; Lafayette, Richard A ; Mariani, Laura H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-78fe09a5ef2104a3f3ca28eb0892cc148dc58cf0064b303bae9a34bac5adecce3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases</topic><topic>Glomerular Filtration Rate</topic><topic>Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - complications</topic><topic>Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - urine</topic><topic>Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - complications</topic><topic>Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - epidemiology</topic><topic>Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - urine</topic><topic>Hematuria - etiology</topic><topic>Hematuria - urine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nephrosis, Lipoid - complications</topic><topic>Nephrosis, Lipoid - epidemiology</topic><topic>Nephrosis, Lipoid - urine</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Podocytes - pathology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteinuria - etiology</topic><topic>Proteinuria - urine</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marchel, Dorota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trachtman, Howard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larkina, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helmuth, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai Yee, Jennifer Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fermin, Damian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bomback, Andrew S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canetta, Pietro A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gipson, Debbie S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mottl, Amy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parekh, Rulan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saha, Manish K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sampson, Matthew G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lafayette, Richard A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, Laura H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marchel, Dorota</au><au>Trachtman, Howard</au><au>Larkina, Maria</au><au>Helmuth, Margaret</au><au>Lai Yee, Jennifer Y</au><au>Fermin, Damian</au><au>Bomback, Andrew S</au><au>Canetta, Pietro A</au><au>Gipson, Debbie S</au><au>Mottl, Amy K</au><au>Parekh, Rulan S</au><au>Saha, Manish K</au><au>Sampson, Matthew G</au><au>Lafayette, Richard A</au><au>Mariani, Laura H</au><aucorp>Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</aucorp><aucorp>Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) and Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Significance of Hematuria in Podocytopathies</atitle><jtitle>Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology</jtitle><addtitle>Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</addtitle><date>2024-01-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>56</spage><epage>66</epage><pages>56-66</pages><issn>1555-9041</issn><issn>1555-905X</issn><eissn>1555-905X</eissn><abstract>Hematuria is frequently present in podocytopathies, but its significance and prognostic value is not well described in these proteinuric kidney diseases. This study describes the prevalence and association between hematuria and kidney-related outcomes in these disorders.
Hematuria was assessed at the initial urinalysis in participants with the following podocytopathies-membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, and FSGS-in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network and Cure Glomerulonephropathy cohorts with >24 months of follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fit for time to composite outcome (kidney failure or 40% decline in eGFR and eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) and proteinuria remission (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] <0.3 mg/mg).
Among the 1516 adults and children in the study, 528 participants (35%) had FSGS, 499 (33%) had minimal change disease, and 489 (32%) had membranous nephropathy. Median (interquartile range) time from biopsy until the initial study urinalysis was 260 (49-750) days, and 498 participants (33%) were positive for hematuria. Participants with hematuria compared with those without were older (37 [16-55] versus 33 [12-55] years), more likely to have an underlying diagnosis of membranous nephropathy (44% versus 27%), had shorter time since biopsy (139 [27-477] versus 325 [89-878] days), and had higher UPCR (3.8 [1.4-8.0] versus 0.9 [0.1-3.1] g/g). After adjusting for diagnosis, age, sex, UPCR, eGFR, time since biopsy, and study cohort, hematuria was associated with a higher risk of reaching the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.65; P value, 0.02) and lower rate of reaching proteinuria remission (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.98; P value, 0.03).
Hematuria is prevalent among participants with the three podocytopathies and is significantly and independently associated with worse kidney-related outcomes, including both progressive loss of kidney function and remission of proteinuria.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society of Nephrology</pub><pmid>37733352</pmid><doi>10.2215/CJN.0000000000000309</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5909-2655</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-1667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3967</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-1726</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7778-292</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-9045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-764</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-5486</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-764X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7778-292X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.56-66 |
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| source | Open Access: PubMed Central; American Society of Nephrology |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Child Female Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases Glomerular Filtration Rate Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - complications Glomerulonephritis, Membranous - urine Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - complications Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - epidemiology Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental - urine Hematuria - etiology Hematuria - urine Humans Male Middle Aged Nephrosis, Lipoid - complications Nephrosis, Lipoid - epidemiology Nephrosis, Lipoid - urine Original Podocytes - pathology Prevalence Prognosis Proteinuria - etiology Proteinuria - urine Time Factors Young Adult |
| title | The Significance of Hematuria in Podocytopathies |
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