GV‐971 attenuates α‐Synuclein aggregation and related pathology

• Published in: CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 2024-02, Vol.30 (2), p.e14393-n/a
• Main Authors: Yu, Zhenwei, Yang, Ying, Chan, Robin Barry, Shi, Min, Stewart, Tessandra, Huang, Yang, Liu, Zongran, Lan, Guoyu, Sheng, Lifu, Tian, Chen, Yang, Dishun, Zhang, Jing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aggregates; Alzheimer's disease; Animal models; Antibodies; Atrophy; Autopsies; Brain research; Brain slice preparation; Cerebellum; Clinical trials; Cognition & reasoning; Dementia disorders; Disease; Dopamine; Dopamine receptors; Electrons; extracellular vesicle; FDA approval; Fibrils; GV‐971; Investigations; Lewy bodies; Mesencephalon; Molecular modelling; Movement disorders; Neurodegenerative diseases; Oligosaccharides; Original; Parkinson's disease; Pathology; Proteins; Seaweeds; Synuclein; Synucleinopathy; Transmission electron microscopy; α‐Synuclein aggregation
• ISSN: 1755-5930; 1755-5949
• DOI: 10.1111/cns.14393

Rationale Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), share a distinct pathological feature, that is, a widespread accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in the brain. There is a significant clinical unmet need for disease‐modifying treatments for synucleinopathies. Recently, a seaweed‐derived mixture of oligosaccharides sodium oligomannate, GV‐971, was approved for Phase 2 clinical trials for PD. This study aimed to further evaluate the therapeutic effects of GV‐971 on synucleinopathies using cellular and animal models and explore its associated molecular mechanisms. Methods α‐Syn aggregation was assessed, in vitro and ex vivo, by ThT assay. A dopaminergic neuron cell line, Prnp‐SNCAA53T mice, and brain slices from PD and DLB patients were used to determine the efficacy of GV‐971 in ameliorating α‐syn pathology. Measurements of motor functions, including pole, cylinder, and rotarod tests, were conducted on Prnp‐SNCAA53T mice 4 weeks after intragastric administration of GV‐971 (200 mg day−1 kg−1). Results GV‐971 effectively prevented α‐syn aggregation and even disassembled pre‐aggregated α‐syn fibrils, in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, GV‐971 was able to rescue α‐syn‐induced neuronal damage and reduced release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), likely via modulating Alix expression. In the Prnp‐SNCAA53T mouse model, when treated at the age of 5 months, GV‐971 significantly decreased α‐syn deposition in the cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum regions, along with ameliorating the motor dysfunctions. Conclusions Our results indicate that GV‐971, when administered at a relatively early stage of the disease process, significantly reduced α‐syn accumulation and aggregation in Prnp‐SNCAA53T mice. Furthermore, GV‐971 corrected α‐syn‐induced inhibition of EVs release in neurons, contributing to neuronal protection. Future studies are needed to further assess GV‐971 as a promising disease‐modifying therapy for PD and other synucleinopathies. GV‐971 inhibits α‐synuclein aggregation and suppresses α‐syn‐induced EV dysfunctional via downregulation of Alix.