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Immunogenicity after vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: a prospective, single center, observational study

Background Patients with cancer, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, are at risk from the low immunogenicity of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods This prospective study assessed the seroconversion rate of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer and hospital staff. Seve...

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Published in:International journal of clinical oncology 2024-04, Vol.29 (4), p.386-397
Main Authors: Katsuya, Yuki, Yoshida, Tatsuya, Takashima, Atsuo, Yonemori, Kan, Ohba, Akihiro, Yazaki, Shu, Yagishita, Shigehiro, Nakahama, Hiroko, Kobayashi, Osamu, Yanagida, Masatoshi, Irino, Yasuhiro, Hamada, Akinobu, Yamamoto, Noboru
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creator Katsuya, Yuki
Yoshida, Tatsuya
Takashima, Atsuo
Yonemori, Kan
Ohba, Akihiro
Yazaki, Shu
Yagishita, Shigehiro
Nakahama, Hiroko
Kobayashi, Osamu
Yanagida, Masatoshi
Irino, Yasuhiro
Hamada, Akinobu
Yamamoto, Noboru
description Background Patients with cancer, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, are at risk from the low immunogenicity of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods This prospective study assessed the seroconversion rate of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer and hospital staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG (S-IgG) concentrations were evaluated before the first vaccination, and 1–3 and 4–6 months after the second vaccination. The primary endpoint was the seroconversion rate measured 1–3 months after the second vaccine. Results In total, 590 patients and 183 healthy hospital staff were analyzed. At 1–3 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/mL) in 96.1% (567/590) of the patients with cancer and 100% (183/183) of the healthy controls ( p  = 0.0024). At 4–6 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/ml for S-IgG) in 93.1% (461/495) of the patients with cancer and 100% (170/170) of the healthy controls ( p  
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10147-024-02470-x
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Methods This prospective study assessed the seroconversion rate of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer and hospital staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG (S-IgG) concentrations were evaluated before the first vaccination, and 1–3 and 4–6 months after the second vaccination. The primary endpoint was the seroconversion rate measured 1–3 months after the second vaccine. Results In total, 590 patients and 183 healthy hospital staff were analyzed. At 1–3 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/mL) in 96.1% (567/590) of the patients with cancer and 100% (183/183) of the healthy controls ( p  = 0.0024). At 4–6 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/ml for S-IgG) in 93.1% (461/495) of the patients with cancer and 100% (170/170) of the healthy controls ( p  &lt; 0.0001). Old age, being male, and low lymphocyte count were related to low SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG levels 1–3 months after the second vaccination among patients, while body mass index, smoking history, and serum albumin level were not. Patients undergoing platinum combination therapy and alkylating agent among cytotoxic drugs, and PARP inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor, and BCR-ABL inhibitor exhibited a low S-IgG antibody concentration compared to the no treatment group. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity was reduced among patients with cancer, especially under several treatment regimens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1341-9625</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1437-7772</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02470-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38381163</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore</publisher><subject>Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; BCR-ABL protein ; Body mass index ; Cancer ; Cancer Research ; Cancer therapies ; Cancer vaccines ; Cell number ; Chemotherapy ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines - therapeutic use ; Cytotoxicity ; Female ; Fusion protein ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunogenicity ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Oncology ; Original ; Original Article ; Patients ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroconversion ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Spike protein ; Surgical Oncology ; TOR protein ; Vaccination</subject><ispartof>International journal of clinical oncology, 2024-04, Vol.29 (4), p.386-397</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-5fdbb91f3fb6824137c235f629dcb5a38fc8a1fde6e2531c374783081eb88f4d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2127-3601</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38381163$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Katsuya, Yuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshida, Tatsuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takashima, Atsuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yonemori, Kan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohba, Akihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazaki, Shu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yagishita, Shigehiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakahama, Hiroko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobayashi, Osamu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yanagida, Masatoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irino, Yasuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamada, Akinobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamamoto, Noboru</creatorcontrib><title>Immunogenicity after vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: a prospective, single center, observational study</title><title>International journal of clinical oncology</title><addtitle>Int J Clin Oncol</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Clin Oncol</addtitle><description>Background Patients with cancer, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, are at risk from the low immunogenicity of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods This prospective study assessed the seroconversion rate of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer and hospital staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG (S-IgG) concentrations were evaluated before the first vaccination, and 1–3 and 4–6 months after the second vaccination. The primary endpoint was the seroconversion rate measured 1–3 months after the second vaccine. Results In total, 590 patients and 183 healthy hospital staff were analyzed. At 1–3 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/mL) in 96.1% (567/590) of the patients with cancer and 100% (183/183) of the healthy controls ( p  = 0.0024). At 4–6 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/ml for S-IgG) in 93.1% (461/495) of the patients with cancer and 100% (170/170) of the healthy controls ( p  &lt; 0.0001). Old age, being male, and low lymphocyte count were related to low SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG levels 1–3 months after the second vaccination among patients, while body mass index, smoking history, and serum albumin level were not. Patients undergoing platinum combination therapy and alkylating agent among cytotoxic drugs, and PARP inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor, and BCR-ABL inhibitor exhibited a low S-IgG antibody concentration compared to the no treatment group. 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Methods This prospective study assessed the seroconversion rate of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer and hospital staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG (S-IgG) concentrations were evaluated before the first vaccination, and 1–3 and 4–6 months after the second vaccination. The primary endpoint was the seroconversion rate measured 1–3 months after the second vaccine. Results In total, 590 patients and 183 healthy hospital staff were analyzed. At 1–3 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/mL) in 96.1% (567/590) of the patients with cancer and 100% (183/183) of the healthy controls ( p  = 0.0024). At 4–6 months after the second vaccination, the S-IgG antibody concentration exceeded the cut-off value (20 BAU/ml for S-IgG) in 93.1% (461/495) of the patients with cancer and 100% (170/170) of the healthy controls ( p  &lt; 0.0001). Old age, being male, and low lymphocyte count were related to low SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG levels 1–3 months after the second vaccination among patients, while body mass index, smoking history, and serum albumin level were not. Patients undergoing platinum combination therapy and alkylating agent among cytotoxic drugs, and PARP inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor, and BCR-ABL inhibitor exhibited a low S-IgG antibody concentration compared to the no treatment group. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity was reduced among patients with cancer, especially under several treatment regimens.</abstract><cop>Singapore</cop><pub>Springer Nature Singapore</pub><pmid>38381163</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10147-024-02470-x</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-3601</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof International journal of clinical oncology, 2024-04, Vol.29 (4), p.386-397
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1437-7772
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source Springer Nature
subjects Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral
BCR-ABL protein
Body mass index
Cancer
Cancer Research
Cancer therapies
Cancer vaccines
Cell number
Chemotherapy
Coronaviruses
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines - therapeutic use
Cytotoxicity
Female
Fusion protein
Humans
Immunization
Immunogenicity
Immunoglobulin G
Infant
Lymphocytes
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Oncology
Original
Original Article
Patients
Prospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Seroconversion
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike protein
Surgical Oncology
TOR protein
Vaccination
title Immunogenicity after vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: a prospective, single center, observational study
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