Replacement of saturated and trans-fatty acids in the diet v. CVD risk in the light of the most recent studies

To present and discuss results of the most recent studies pertaining to the effects of consumption of different types of fatty acids on the risk of CVD. The aim was also an attempt to answer the question of whether a revision of the current recommendations is necessary. A review of prospective cohor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Public health nutrition 2018-08, Vol.21 (12), p.2291-2300
Main Authors: Makarewicz-Wujec, Magdalena, Dworakowska, Anna, Kozłowska-Wojciechowska, Małgorzata
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Clinical trials
Diet
Diet - statistics & numerical data
Extreme values
Fatty Acids
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Humans
Lipids
Medical research
Mortality
Nutritional Epidemiology
Parameters
Randomization
Review
Review Article
Risk
Risk Factors
Systematic review
Trans Fatty Acids
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Summary:To present and discuss results of the most recent studies pertaining to the effects of consumption of different types of fatty acids on the risk of CVD. The aim was also an attempt to answer the question of whether a revision of the current recommendations is necessary. A review of prospective cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2014-2017 on the effects of SFA and trans-fatty acid (TFA) intakes as well as various models of their replacement in the diet on CVD risk. Results of the new large prospective cohort studies pertaining to the effect of SFA consumption on CVD risk are contradictory. Similarly, the recent meta-analyses of clinical trials related to the effects of SFA substitution on CVD risk provided extremely different results, which is related to the application of different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Differences in results of randomised controlled trials may be caused by different methodologies of dietary parameter changes, varying duration of studies, as well as the time at which they were carried out. It is extremely difficult to extrapolate results of recent studies to contemporary recommendations. It seems that there is a need for properly randomised studies on large groups, with good control of dietary and non-dietary parameters, which account for not only the sum of SFA and TFA, but also their source. Only such studies will allow for full evaluation of an effect of substituting SFA and TFA on cardiovascular risk.
ISSN:1368-9800
1475-2727
DOI:10.1017/S1368980018000782