Disseminated Infection by Scedosporium/Lomentospora during Induction Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Complicated by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Scedosporium/Lomentospora infections are rare and are associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. A 69-year-old man with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) died during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia because of multiple organ failure due to pneumonia. During...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Internal Medicine 2024/05/15, Vol.63(10), pp.1465-1471
Main Authors: Kitahara, Mari, Sumi, Masahiko, Kazumoto, Hiroko, Shishido, Tsutomu, Ueki, Toshimitsu, Hiroshima, Yuki, Kamei, Katsuhiko, Kobayashi, Hikaru
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute myeloid leukemia
Aged
Autopsy
Case Report
Chemotherapy
Disseminated infection
Fatal Outcome
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Immunocompromised hosts
Induction Chemotherapy
Induction therapy
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - complications
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - drug therapy
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - microbiology
Lomentospora prolificans
Lung diseases
Male
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - complications
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - diagnosis
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - drug therapy
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - microbiology
Mycoses - diagnosis
Mycoses - drug therapy
Mycoses - microbiology
Myelosuppression
nontuberculous mycobacteria
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria - isolation & purification
Scedosporium - isolation & purification
Scedosporium aurantiacum
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Summary:Scedosporium/Lomentospora infections are rare and are associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. A 69-year-old man with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) died during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia because of multiple organ failure due to pneumonia. During an autopsy, Lomentospora prolificans was detected using a fungal gene analysis of the blood, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and intestines, and Scedosporium aurantiacum was detected in the lungs. NTM disease may predispose patients to Scedosporium/Lomentospora infections. Physicians should consider Scedosporium/Lomentospora spp. as an invasive fungal infection that occurs during myelosuppression, particularly when NTM is a complication.
ISSN:0918-2918
1349-7235
1349-7235
DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.2159-23