A Gaussian-based model for early detection of mild cognitive impairment using multimodal neuroimaging

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience methods 2020-03, Vol.333, p.108544-108544, Article 108544
• Main Authors: Forouzannezhad, Parisa, Abbaspour, Alireza, Li, Chunfei, Fang, Chen, Williams, Ulyana, Cabrerizo, Mercedes, Barreto, Armando, Andrian, Jean, Rishe, Naphtali, Curiel, Rosie E., Loewenstein, David, Duara, Ranjan, Adjouadi, Malek
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - diagnostic imaging; Alzheimer’s disease; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnostic imaging; Early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI); Gaussian Process; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Neuroimaging; Neuroimaging; Normal Distribution; Random Forest
• ISSN: 0165-0270; 1872-678X; 1872-678X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108544

[Display omitted] •Developing a new probabilistic approach for obtaining the most relevant features from MRI and PET data.•Achieving higher accuracy in diagnosis of the EMCI from CN compared with the previous studies.•The proposed algorithm is able to rank the features based on their importance in every state of Alzheimer’s disease.•Validating the results considering 896 subjects including 296 EMCI subjects as the first study to consider such a large number of EMCI. Diagnosis of early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) as a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with its delineation from the cognitively normal (CN) group remains a challenging but essential step for the planning of early treatment. Although several studies have focused on the MCI diagnosis, this study introduces the early stage of MCI to assess more thoroughly the earliest signs of disease manifestation and progression. We used random forest feature selection model with a Gaussian-based algorithm to perform method evaluation. This integrated method serves to define multivariate normal distributions in order to classify different stages of AD, with the focus placed on detecting EMCI subjects in the most challenging classification of CN vs. EMCI. Using 896 participants classified into the four categories of CN, EMCI, late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and AD, the results show that the EMCI group can be delineated from the CN group with a relatively high accuracy of 78.8% and sensitivity of 81.3%. The feature selection model and classifier are compared with some other prominent algorithms. Although higher accuracy has been achieved using the Gaussian process (GP) model (78.8%) over the SVM classifier (75.6%) for CN vs. EMCI classification, with 0.05 being the cutoff for significance, and based on student’s t-test, it was determined that the differences for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity between the GP method and support vector machine (SVM) are not statistically significant. Addressing the challenging classification of CN vs. EMCI provides useful information to help clinicians and researchers determine essential measures that can help in the early detection of AD.