Polyglutamine-Expanded Ataxin-7 Inhibits STAGA Histone Acetyltransferase Activity to Produce Retinal Degeneration

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2005-06, Vol.102 (24), p.8472-8477
• Main Authors: Palhan, Vikas B., Chen, Shiming, Peng, Guang-Hua, Tjernberg, Agneta, Gamper, Armin M., Fan, Yuxin, Chait, Brian T., La Spada, Albert R., Roeder, Robert G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetyltransferases - metabolism; Animals; Antibodies; Ataxin-7; Biochemistry; Biological Sciences; Cell Cycle Proteins; Chromatin; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Genes; HEK293 cells; HeLa Cells; Histone Acetyltransferases; Histones; Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism; Humans; Immunoblotting; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Multiprotein Complexes - genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurological disorders; p300-CBP Transcription Factors; Peptides - genetics; Photoreceptors; Proteins; Retina; Retina - metabolism; Retinal degeneration; Retinal Degeneration - etiology; Retinal Degeneration - genetics; Retinal Degeneration - metabolism; RNA Interference; Small interfering RNA; Spinocerebellar Ataxias - complications; Spinocerebellar Ataxias - genetics; Trans-Activators - metabolism; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Activation - genetics; Transgenic animals; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion - genetics; Yeasts
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503505102

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is characterized by cone-rod dystrophy retinal degeneration and is caused by a polyglutamine [poly(Q)] expansion within ataxin-7, a protein of previously unknown function. Here, we report that ataxin-7 is an integral component of the mammalian STAGA (SPT3-TAF9-ADA-GCN5 acetyltransferase) transcription coactivator complex, interacts directly with the GCN5 histone acetyltransferase component of STAGA, and mediates a direct interaction of STAGA with the CRX (cone-rod homeobox) transactivator of photoreceptor genes. Consistent with these results, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays document retinal-specific association of CRX, GCN5, and acetylated histone H3 with CRX target genes. RNA interference studies also implicate ataxin-7 and GCN5 in CRX-dependent gene activation, and histone deacetylase inhibitors restore the compromised expression of a CRX target gene in an ataxin-7-deficient background. Significantly, in relation to SCA7, poly(Q)-expanded ataxin-7 gets incorporated into STAGA and, in a dominant-negative manner, inhibits the nucleosomal histone acetylation function of STAGA GCN5 both in vitro and, based on chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, in SCA7 transgenic mice. These results suggest that the normal function of a poly(Q) disease protein may intersect with its pathogenic mechanism, an observation with significant implications for the molecular basis of all poly(Q) disorders and ultimately for their treatment.