A novel, robust, and portable platform for magnetoencephalography using optically-pumped magnetometers

• Published in: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2024-09, Vol.2, p.1-22
• Main Authors: Schofield, Holly, Hill, Ryan M., Feys, Odile, Holmes, Niall, Osborne, James, Doyle, Cody, Bobela, David, Corvilain, Pierre, Wens, Vincent, Rier, Lukas, Bowtell, Richard, Ferez, Maxime, Mullinger, Karen J., Coleman, Sebastian, Rhodes, Natalie, Rea, Molly, Tanner, Zoe, Boto, Elena, de Tiège, Xavier, Shah, Vishal, Brookes, Matthew J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: electrophysiology; magnetoencephalography; MEG; OPM; optically-pumped magnetometer
• ISSN: 2837-6056; 2837-6056
• DOI: 10.1162/imag_a_00283

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures brain function via assessment of magnetic fields generated by neural currents. Conventional MEG uses superconducting sensors, which place significant limitations on performance, practicality, and deployment; however, the field has been revolutionised in recent years by the introduction of optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs). OPMs enable measurement of the MEG signal without cryogenics, and consequently the conception of “OPM-MEG” systems which ostensibly allow increased sensitivity and resolution, lifespan compliance, free subject movement, and lower cost. However, OPM-MEG is in its infancy with existing limitations on both sensor and system design. Here, we report a new OPM-MEG design with miniaturised and integrated electronic control, a high level of portability, and improved sensor dynamic range. We show that this system produces equivalent measures compared with an established OPM-MEG instrument; specifically, when measuring task-induced beta-band, gamma-band, and evoked neuro-electrical responses, source localisations from the two systems were comparable and temporal correlation of measured brain responses was >0.7 at the individual level and >0.9 for groups. Using an electromagnetic phantom, we demonstrate improved dynamic range by running the system in background fields up to 8 nT. We show that the system is effective in gathering data during free movement (including a sitting-to-standing paradigm) and that it is compatible with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). Finally, we demonstrate portability by moving the system between two laboratories. Overall, our new system is shown to be a significant step forward for OPM-MEG and offers an attractive platform for next generation functional medical imaging.