Selenoproteins: Zoom-In to Their Metal-Binding Properties in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Selenoproteins contain selenium (Se), which is included in the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that exerts its biological actions mainly through selenoproteins. Selenoproteins have crucial roles in maintaining healthy brain activity. At...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2025-02, Vol.26 (3), p.1305
Main Authors: Duță, Carmen, Muscurel, Corina, Dogaru, Carmen Beatrice, Stoian, Irina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Amino acids
Animals
Brain
Brain - metabolism
Copper
Disease
Enzymes
Homeostasis
Humans
Infertility
Metals
Metals - metabolism
Metals, Heavy - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Oxidative stress
Pathology
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Selenium
Selenium - metabolism
Selenoproteins - metabolism
Thyroid gland
Womens health
Zinc
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Summary:Selenoproteins contain selenium (Se), which is included in the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that exerts its biological actions mainly through selenoproteins. Selenoproteins have crucial roles in maintaining healthy brain activity. At the same time, brain-function-associated selenoproteins may also be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The selenoproteins GPx4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), GPx1 (glutathione peroxidase 1), SELENOP (selenoprotein P), SELENOK (selenoprotein K), SELENOS (selenoprotein S), SELENOW (selenoprotein W), and SELENOT (selenoprotein T) are highly expressed, specifically in AD-related brain regions being closely correlated to brain function. Only a few selenoproteins, mentioned above (especially SELENOP), can bind transition and heavy metals. Metal ion homeostasis accomplishes the vital physiological function of the brain. Dyshomeostasis of these metals induces and entertains neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we described some of the proposed and established mechanisms underlying the actions and properties of the above-mentioned selenoproteins having the characteristic feature of binding transition or heavy metals.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms26031305