DRO CONTINGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE-MOMENTARY SCHEDULES

We conducted several comparative analyses to determine the relative effectiveness of variable‐momentary differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other‐behavior (VM DRO) schedules. Three individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that their...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied behavior analysis 1999, Vol.32 (2), p.123-136
Main Authors: Lindberg, Jana S., Iwata, Brian A., Kahng, SungWoo, DeLeon, Iser G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Behavior
Behavior Problems
Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy
Biological and medical sciences
Comparative analysis
differential reinforcement of other behavior
Female
functional analysis
Humans
Intellectual disabilities
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability - psychology
Interpersonal Relations
Medical sciences
Mental disorders
Middle Aged
Positive Reinforcement
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reinforcement (Psychology)
Reinforcement Schedule
Schedules
Self Destructive Behavior
self-injurious behavior
Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology
Time Factors
Treatments
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83
container_end_page 136
container_issue 2
container_start_page 123
container_title Journal of applied behavior analysis
container_volume 32
creator Lindberg, Jana S.
Iwata, Brian A.
Kahng, SungWoo
DeLeon, Iser G.
description We conducted several comparative analyses to determine the relative effectiveness of variable‐momentary differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other‐behavior (VM DRO) schedules. Three individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that their self‐injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by social‐positive reinforcement. Two individuals participated in a two‐stage comparative analysis within multielement and multiple baseline designs. Fixed‐interval (FI) and variable‐interval (VI) DRO were compared in the first stage; VI DRO and VM DRO were compared in the second. All three schedules effectively reduced the participants' SIB. Treatment for the 3rd individual was conducted in a reversal design to examine the effects of VM DRO when it was implemented in isolation, and results indicated that the procedure was effective in reducing SIB. These findings suggest that VM DRO schedules may represent attractive alternatives to traditional FI schedules because momentary schedules do not require continuous monitoring and may result in higher rates of reinforcement.
doi_str_mv 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-123
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1284172</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>69876764</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkd1v0zAUxSMEYmXwzhOKAPGW4WvHH9nDpDTL2qAskZoMtCfLyRxISZsRt8D-exylGgMJIVmyLf_Ouff6OM5LQCcQIHi_VpWypyA4IdgDTB45MwiI8AhH5LEzQwiDJwSlR84zY9YIAUaMPnWOAJGAccZmztn5KnejPCuTbBFnURIXp26Y2RWm10VSuPmF-zFcJeE8jb3L_DLOynB17RbRMj6_SuPiufOkUZ3RLw77sXN1EZfR0kvzRRKFqVdTBtxjhDFRQXUDfoUqwFT4vmhqUERrykELgECIqvE5tfeAUgy1nQOAEkH8WpBj52zyvd1XG31T6-1uUJ28HdqNGu5kr1r558u2_SI_998lYOEDx9bg3cFg6L_ttdnJTWtq3XVqq_u9kSwQ3P6Ib8HXf4Hrfj9s7XASY4qoYAws9OZfEPjACGeUjBSaqHrojRl0c98vIDnmJ8f85JifJNi2Sqzk1cM5HwimwCzw9gAoU6uuGdS2bs1vTlDfpyPGJuxH2-m7_9aVH8J5CCTgVuhNwtbs9M97oRq-SsYJp_JTtpBQ8uWinINE5BdBkbpV</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1416376531</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>DRO CONTINGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE-MOMENTARY SCHEDULES</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read &amp; Publish Collection</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Lindberg, Jana S. ; Iwata, Brian A. ; Kahng, SungWoo ; DeLeon, Iser G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Lindberg, Jana S. ; Iwata, Brian A. ; Kahng, SungWoo ; DeLeon, Iser G.</creatorcontrib><description>We conducted several comparative analyses to determine the relative effectiveness of variable‐momentary differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other‐behavior (VM DRO) schedules. Three individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that their self‐injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by social‐positive reinforcement. Two individuals participated in a two‐stage comparative analysis within multielement and multiple baseline designs. Fixed‐interval (FI) and variable‐interval (VI) DRO were compared in the first stage; VI DRO and VM DRO were compared in the second. All three schedules effectively reduced the participants' SIB. Treatment for the 3rd individual was conducted in a reversal design to examine the effects of VM DRO when it was implemented in isolation, and results indicated that the procedure was effective in reducing SIB. These findings suggest that VM DRO schedules may represent attractive alternatives to traditional FI schedules because momentary schedules do not require continuous monitoring and may result in higher rates of reinforcement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8855</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3703</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-123</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10396766</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOABAW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Behavior ; Behavior Problems ; Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Comparative analysis ; differential reinforcement of other behavior ; Female ; functional analysis ; Humans ; Intellectual disabilities ; Intellectual Disability ; Intellectual Disability - psychology ; Interpersonal Relations ; Medical sciences ; Mental disorders ; Middle Aged ; Positive Reinforcement ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reinforcement Schedule ; Schedules ; Self Destructive Behavior ; self-injurious behavior ; Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology ; Time Factors ; Treatments</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1999, Vol.32 (2), p.123-136</ispartof><rights>1999 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</rights><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Incorporated Summer 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1284172/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1284172/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,883,27907,27908,53774,53776</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=1854456$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10396766$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lindberg, Jana S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwata, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahng, SungWoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeLeon, Iser G.</creatorcontrib><title>DRO CONTINGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE-MOMENTARY SCHEDULES</title><title>Journal of applied behavior analysis</title><addtitle>J Appl Behav Anal</addtitle><description>We conducted several comparative analyses to determine the relative effectiveness of variable‐momentary differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other‐behavior (VM DRO) schedules. Three individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that their self‐injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by social‐positive reinforcement. Two individuals participated in a two‐stage comparative analysis within multielement and multiple baseline designs. Fixed‐interval (FI) and variable‐interval (VI) DRO were compared in the first stage; VI DRO and VM DRO were compared in the second. All three schedules effectively reduced the participants' SIB. Treatment for the 3rd individual was conducted in a reversal design to examine the effects of VM DRO when it was implemented in isolation, and results indicated that the procedure was effective in reducing SIB. These findings suggest that VM DRO schedules may represent attractive alternatives to traditional FI schedules because momentary schedules do not require continuous monitoring and may result in higher rates of reinforcement.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavior Problems</subject><subject>Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>differential reinforcement of other behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>functional analysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intellectual disabilities</subject><subject>Intellectual Disability</subject><subject>Intellectual Disability - psychology</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relations</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Positive Reinforcement</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Reinforcement (Psychology)</subject><subject>Reinforcement Schedule</subject><subject>Schedules</subject><subject>Self Destructive Behavior</subject><subject>self-injurious behavior</subject><subject>Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Treatments</subject><issn>0021-8855</issn><issn>1938-3703</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkd1v0zAUxSMEYmXwzhOKAPGW4WvHH9nDpDTL2qAskZoMtCfLyRxISZsRt8D-exylGgMJIVmyLf_Ouff6OM5LQCcQIHi_VpWypyA4IdgDTB45MwiI8AhH5LEzQwiDJwSlR84zY9YIAUaMPnWOAJGAccZmztn5KnejPCuTbBFnURIXp26Y2RWm10VSuPmF-zFcJeE8jb3L_DLOynB17RbRMj6_SuPiufOkUZ3RLw77sXN1EZfR0kvzRRKFqVdTBtxjhDFRQXUDfoUqwFT4vmhqUERrykELgECIqvE5tfeAUgy1nQOAEkH8WpBj52zyvd1XG31T6-1uUJ28HdqNGu5kr1r558u2_SI_998lYOEDx9bg3cFg6L_ttdnJTWtq3XVqq_u9kSwQ3P6Ib8HXf4Hrfj9s7XASY4qoYAws9OZfEPjACGeUjBSaqHrojRl0c98vIDnmJ8f85JifJNi2Sqzk1cM5HwimwCzw9gAoU6uuGdS2bs1vTlDfpyPGJuxH2-m7_9aVH8J5CCTgVuhNwtbs9M97oRq-SsYJp_JTtpBQ8uWinINE5BdBkbpV</recordid><startdate>1999</startdate><enddate>1999</enddate><creator>Lindberg, Jana S.</creator><creator>Iwata, Brian A.</creator><creator>Kahng, SungWoo</creator><creator>DeLeon, Iser G.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>JRZRW</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>SFNNT</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1999</creationdate><title>DRO CONTINGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE-MOMENTARY SCHEDULES</title><author>Lindberg, Jana S. ; Iwata, Brian A. ; Kahng, SungWoo ; DeLeon, Iser G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Behavior Problems</topic><topic>Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>differential reinforcement of other behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>functional analysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intellectual disabilities</topic><topic>Intellectual Disability</topic><topic>Intellectual Disability - psychology</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relations</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental disorders</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Positive Reinforcement</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Reinforcement (Psychology)</topic><topic>Reinforcement Schedule</topic><topic>Schedules</topic><topic>Self Destructive Behavior</topic><topic>self-injurious behavior</topic><topic>Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Treatments</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lindberg, Jana S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwata, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahng, SungWoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeLeon, Iser G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 35</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 44</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied behavior analysis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lindberg, Jana S.</au><au>Iwata, Brian A.</au><au>Kahng, SungWoo</au><au>DeLeon, Iser G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>DRO CONTINGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE-MOMENTARY SCHEDULES</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied behavior analysis</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Behav Anal</addtitle><date>1999</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>136</epage><pages>123-136</pages><issn>0021-8855</issn><eissn>1938-3703</eissn><coden>JOABAW</coden><abstract>We conducted several comparative analyses to determine the relative effectiveness of variable‐momentary differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other‐behavior (VM DRO) schedules. Three individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that their self‐injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by social‐positive reinforcement. Two individuals participated in a two‐stage comparative analysis within multielement and multiple baseline designs. Fixed‐interval (FI) and variable‐interval (VI) DRO were compared in the first stage; VI DRO and VM DRO were compared in the second. All three schedules effectively reduced the participants' SIB. Treatment for the 3rd individual was conducted in a reversal design to examine the effects of VM DRO when it was implemented in isolation, and results indicated that the procedure was effective in reducing SIB. These findings suggest that VM DRO schedules may represent attractive alternatives to traditional FI schedules because momentary schedules do not require continuous monitoring and may result in higher rates of reinforcement.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>10396766</pmid><doi>10.1901/jaba.1999.32-123</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0021-8855
ispartof Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1999, Vol.32 (2), p.123-136
issn 0021-8855
1938-3703
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1284172
source Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection; PubMed Central
subjects Adult
Behavior
Behavior Problems
Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy
Biological and medical sciences
Comparative analysis
differential reinforcement of other behavior
Female
functional analysis
Humans
Intellectual disabilities
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability - psychology
Interpersonal Relations
Medical sciences
Mental disorders
Middle Aged
Positive Reinforcement
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reinforcement (Psychology)
Reinforcement Schedule
Schedules
Self Destructive Behavior
self-injurious behavior
Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology
Time Factors
Treatments
title DRO CONTINGENCIES: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE-MOMENTARY SCHEDULES
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T23%3A26%3A17IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DRO%20CONTINGENCIES:%20AN%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20VARIABLE-MOMENTARY%20SCHEDULES&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20applied%20behavior%20analysis&rft.au=Lindberg,%20Jana%20S.&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.epage=136&rft.pages=123-136&rft.issn=0021-8855&rft.eissn=1938-3703&rft.coden=JOABAW&rft_id=info:doi/10.1901/jaba.1999.32-123&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E69876764%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5617-63668b1bd14b0b1258448fc1a3ee571e811988bf475e5795521c9381153834c83%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1416376531&rft_id=info:pmid/10396766&rfr_iscdi=true