Release of cytokines during generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells by IL-2

• Published in: Immunology 1989-12, Vol.68 (4), p.514-519
• Main Authors: LIMB, G. A, MEAGER, A, WOOLEY, J, WADHWA, M, BIGGERSTAFF, J, BROWN, K. A, WOLSTENCROFT, R. A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis of the immune response. Humoral and cellular immunity; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Factors - metabolism; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fundamental immunology; Humans; Immunobiology; Interferon-gamma - metabolism; Interleukin-1 - metabolism; Interleukin-2 - administration & dosage; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated - metabolism; Lymphocytes - metabolism; Miscellaneous; Monocytes - metabolism; Regulatory factors and their cellular receptors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
• ISSN: 0019-2805; 1365-2567

Supernatants of IL-2-activated mononuclear cells (MNC) that displayed an optimal lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity at 48-72 hr in culture were found to contain increased levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) when compared with supernatants from mononuclear cells cultured in the absence of IL-2. The concentration of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha produced by MNC at 24 hr was either increased or maintained by extending the cultures to 96 hr. In contrast, TNF beta was only detected at very low levels after 72-96 hr culture, irrespective of whether IL-2 was present or absent. Optimal concentrations of IL-2 needed to induce maximum release of TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha and IFN-gamma by MNC varied among different individuals. Enriched populations of lymphocytes secreted higher levels of all measured cytokines upon activation with IL-2 in contrast to untreated cells. Supernatants from purified monocyte preparations contained high concentrations of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha regardless of the presence of IL-2 in the cell cultures. This work suggests that in addition to the generation of LAK cell activity, by promoting the release of other cytokines with potential anti-tumoricidal activity, IL-2 may be amplifying cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which is associated with protection against neoplastic disease.