The importance of genes and environment for ocular refraction and its determiners: a population based study among 20–45 year old twins

AIMS To estimate the heritability for ocular refraction and its determiners in a population based cohort of 20–45 years old twins. METHODS 114 twin pairs (53 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic) participated. Refraction was determined in cycloplegia and eye dimensions were measured with ultrasound. Educati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of ophthalmology 2001-12, Vol.85 (12), p.1470-1476
Main Authors: Lyhne, Niels, Sjølie, Anne Katrin, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Green, Anders
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accommodation and refraction
Adult
Age
Aging - physiology
Astigmatism
Automation
Biological and medical sciences
Biological variation
Cohort Studies
Diseases in Twins - etiology
Diseases in Twins - genetics
Educational Status
Environment
Estimates
Eye
Eye - anatomy & histology
Eye - diagnostic imaging
Eye diseases
Families & family life
Female
Genes
Genetic aspects
Humans
Influence
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Normal Distribution
ocular refraction
Ophthalmology
Original articles - Clinical science
Phenotype
Population
Quantitative genetics
Reference Values
Refraction, Ocular - genetics
Refraction, Ocular - physiology
Refractive Errors - etiology
Refractive Errors - genetics
Selective breeding
Standard deviation
Studies
Time Factors
Twins
Ultrasonography
Vision disorders
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Summary:AIMS To estimate the heritability for ocular refraction and its determiners in a population based cohort of 20–45 years old twins. METHODS 114 twin pairs (53 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic) participated. Refraction was determined in cycloplegia and eye dimensions were measured with ultrasound. Educational length was assessed. The heritability was estimated employing aetiological model fitting. Evidence of gene-environment interaction was analysed. Correlations between intrapairwise differences in educational length and in refraction were evaluated. RESULTS The heritability was between 0.89 and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.96) for refraction, total refraction, axial length, and radius of corneal curvature. Phenotypic variation was mostly due to additive genetic effects. Refraction revealed evidence of gene-environment interaction (r = −0.29 to −0.32; p
ISSN:0007-1161
1468-2079
DOI:10.1136/bjo.85.12.1470