The spread of breast cancer: importance of the intrathoracic lymphatic route and its relevance to treatment

Detailed necropsies were performed on 26 individuals who had died of disseminated breast carcinoma, to assess the frequency of spread to the lungs, pleura and pericardium, and to determine the likely routes of spread to these sites. Tumour was present in the lung parenchyma in 67% of the lungs exami...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of cancer 1979-10, Vol.40 (4), p.540-547
Main Authors: Thomas, J M, Redding, W H, Sloane, J P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Breast Neoplasms - pathology
Breast Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Cancer Research
Drug Resistance
Epidemiology
Female
Humans
Lung Neoplasms - secondary
Lymph Nodes - pathology
Lymphatic Metastasis
Mediastinum - pathology
Molecular Medicine
Oncology
original-article
Pleural Neoplasms - secondary
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Summary:Detailed necropsies were performed on 26 individuals who had died of disseminated breast carcinoma, to assess the frequency of spread to the lungs, pleura and pericardium, and to determine the likely routes of spread to these sites. Tumour was present in the lung parenchyma in 67% of the lungs examined, in the visceral pleura in 75% and the parietal pleura in 50%. Although even small deposits of pleural tumour were invariably visible to naked-eye examination, lung parenchymal involvement was almost invariably microscopic, despite its frequently extensive distribution. This finding draws attention to the difficulties of clinical staging with respect to lung metastases. Tumour in lymphatics predominated over that in blood vessels in both lung and pleura and this, together with the widespread mediastinal lymphnode infiltration found, suggests that the lymphatic system forms the dominant route of spread of breast carcinoma to the thorax. The possible role of mediastinal lymphatics in the dissemination of breast cancer to bone and liver is also discussed. Our findings suggests that the fields of adjuvant irradiation after primary surgery should include the mediastinal lymphatic network.
ISSN:0007-0920
1532-1827
DOI:10.1038/bjc.1979.219