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Prenatal smoking exposure and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence
Aim: Explore associations between smoking in pregnancy and psychiatric symptoms in the adolescent offspring. Design/subjects: A prospective population based follow‐up of 84 adolescents at 14 years of age, of whom 32 of the mothers reported smoking during pregnancy. Main outcome measures: The Achenba...
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Published in: | Acta Paediatrica 2007-03, Vol.96 (3), p.377-382 |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Aim: Explore associations between smoking in pregnancy and psychiatric symptoms in the adolescent offspring.
Design/subjects: A prospective population based follow‐up of 84 adolescents at 14 years of age, of whom 32 of the mothers reported smoking during pregnancy.
Main outcome measures: The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), ADHD‐Rating Scale IV, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), estimated IQ based on four subscales of WISC‐III.
Results: Adolescents who were born by smokers had significantly more rule‐breaking and aggressive behaviour, externalizing and total problems on the ASEBA than adolescents of non‐smokers (p < 0.01), when reported by mothers, fathers and teachers. ADHD symptoms were reported more frequently (p < 0.05), and mothers also reported more internalizing symptoms (p < 0.05) and social problems (p < 0.001). The ASSQ sum score was higher (p < 0.001), and overall function as measured by the CGAS was lower (p < 0.01) for the smoking‐exposed group. Associations were still present after controlling for possible confounding factors.
Conclusion: Adolescents exposed to prenatal smoking had higher scores for both externalizing and internalizing psychiatric symptoms, which could not be explained by a broad range of possible psychosocial confounders. Thus, smoking in pregnancy may be a marker for increased risk of psychiatric symptoms in the offspring. |
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ISSN: | 0803-5253 1651-2227 |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.00148.x |