Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study

• Published in: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2006-11, Vol.47 (10), p.1031-1040
• Main Authors: Forbes, Erika E., Christopher May, J., Siegle, Greg J., Ladouceur, Cecile D., Ryan, Neal D., Carter, Cameron S., Birmaher, Boris, Axelson, David A., Dahl, Ronald E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescents; Affect; Affective Behavior; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis; Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology; Anxiety Disorders - physiopathology; Brain; Brain - physiopathology; Brain research; Child; Child psychology; Childhood depression; Children; Comorbidity; Decision Making; Depression; Depression (Psychology); Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology; Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology; Diagnostic Tests; Dysthymic Disorder - diagnosis; Dysthymic Disorder - epidemiology; Dysthymic Disorder - physiopathology; Female; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mental depression; Mental Disorders; Neurological Organization; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Probability; Responses; Reward; Rewards; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adults
• ISSN: 0021-9630; 1469-7610
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01673.x

Background:  Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward‐related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward‐related affective systems. Methods:  Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision‐making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9–17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. Results:  Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward‐related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward‐related brain areas. Conclusions:  Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing.