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The decrease in mature myostatin protein in male skeletal muscle is developmentally regulated by growth hormone
Myostatin inhibits myogenesis and there is reduced abundance of the mature protein in skeletal muscles of adult male compared with female mice. This reduction probably occurs after translation, which suggests that it is a regulated mechanism to reduce the availability of myostatin in males. Reduced...
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Published in: | The Journal of physiology 2009-02, Vol.587 (3), p.669-677 |
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creator | Oldham, Jenny M. Osepchook, Claire C. Jeanplong, Ferenc Falconer, Shelley J. Matthews, Kenneth G. Conaglen, John V. Gerrard, David F. Smith, Heather K. Wilkins, Richard J. Bass, James J. McMahon, Christopher D. |
description | Myostatin inhibits myogenesis and there is reduced abundance of the mature protein in skeletal muscles of adult male compared
with female mice. This reduction probably occurs after translation, which suggests that it is a regulated mechanism to reduce
the availability of myostatin in males. Reduced myostatin may, thereby, contribute to the development of sexually dimorphic
growth of skeletal muscle. Our first objective was to determine if the decrease in mature myostatin protein occurs before
the linear growth phase to aid growth, or afterwards to maintain the mass of adult muscle. Mice were killed from 2 to 32 weeks
and the gastrocnemius muscle was excised. Myostatin mRNA increased from 2 to 32 weeks and was higher in males than females
( P < 0.001). In contrast, mature protein decreased in males after 6 weeks ( P < 0.001). Our second objective was to determine if growth hormone (GH) induces the decrease in mature myostatin protein.
GH increased myostatin mRNA and decreased the abundance of mature protein in hypophysectomised mice ( P < 0.05). Our final objective was to determine if the decrease in mature protein occurs in skeletal muscles of male Stat5b â/â mice (Stat5b mediates the actions of GH). As expected, mature myostatin protein was not reduced in Stat5b â/â males compared with females. However, myostatin mRNA remained higher in males than females irrespective of genotype. These
data suggest that: (1) the decrease in mature myostatin protein is developmentally regulated, (2) GH acting via Stat5b regulates
the abundance of mature myostatin and (3) GH acts via a non-Stat5b pathway to regulate myostatin mRNA. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.161521 |
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with female mice. This reduction probably occurs after translation, which suggests that it is a regulated mechanism to reduce
the availability of myostatin in males. Reduced myostatin may, thereby, contribute to the development of sexually dimorphic
growth of skeletal muscle. Our first objective was to determine if the decrease in mature myostatin protein occurs before
the linear growth phase to aid growth, or afterwards to maintain the mass of adult muscle. Mice were killed from 2 to 32 weeks
and the gastrocnemius muscle was excised. Myostatin mRNA increased from 2 to 32 weeks and was higher in males than females
( P < 0.001). In contrast, mature protein decreased in males after 6 weeks ( P < 0.001). Our second objective was to determine if growth hormone (GH) induces the decrease in mature myostatin protein.
GH increased myostatin mRNA and decreased the abundance of mature protein in hypophysectomised mice ( P < 0.05). Our final objective was to determine if the decrease in mature protein occurs in skeletal muscles of male Stat5b â/â mice (Stat5b mediates the actions of GH). As expected, mature myostatin protein was not reduced in Stat5b â/â males compared with females. However, myostatin mRNA remained higher in males than females irrespective of genotype. These
data suggest that: (1) the decrease in mature myostatin protein is developmentally regulated, (2) GH acting via Stat5b regulates
the abundance of mature myostatin and (3) GH acts via a non-Stat5b pathway to regulate myostatin mRNA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3751</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7793</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.161521</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19047209</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: The Physiological Society</publisher><subject>Animals ; Body Weight ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Growth Hormone - metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Development - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Myostatin - genetics ; Myostatin - metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Skeletal Muscle And Exercise ; STAT5 Transcription Factor - deficiency ; STAT5 Transcription Factor - genetics</subject><ispartof>The Journal of physiology, 2009-02, Vol.587 (3), p.669-677</ispartof><rights>2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 The Physiological Society</rights><rights>2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 The Physiological Society 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4887-902ef918a5b0d7e825961f22d9a2e1a60761b652b5c42598ef0c3fa7333ff3e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4887-902ef918a5b0d7e825961f22d9a2e1a60761b652b5c42598ef0c3fa7333ff3e53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670088/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670088/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,883,27907,27908,53774,53776</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19047209$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oldham, Jenny M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osepchook, Claire C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeanplong, Ferenc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falconer, Shelley J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matthews, Kenneth G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conaglen, John V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerrard, David F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Heather K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilkins, Richard J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bass, James J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McMahon, Christopher D.</creatorcontrib><title>The decrease in mature myostatin protein in male skeletal muscle is developmentally regulated by growth hormone</title><title>The Journal of physiology</title><addtitle>J Physiol</addtitle><description>Myostatin inhibits myogenesis and there is reduced abundance of the mature protein in skeletal muscles of adult male compared
with female mice. This reduction probably occurs after translation, which suggests that it is a regulated mechanism to reduce
the availability of myostatin in males. Reduced myostatin may, thereby, contribute to the development of sexually dimorphic
growth of skeletal muscle. Our first objective was to determine if the decrease in mature myostatin protein occurs before
the linear growth phase to aid growth, or afterwards to maintain the mass of adult muscle. Mice were killed from 2 to 32 weeks
and the gastrocnemius muscle was excised. Myostatin mRNA increased from 2 to 32 weeks and was higher in males than females
( P < 0.001). In contrast, mature protein decreased in males after 6 weeks ( P < 0.001). Our second objective was to determine if growth hormone (GH) induces the decrease in mature myostatin protein.
GH increased myostatin mRNA and decreased the abundance of mature protein in hypophysectomised mice ( P < 0.05). Our final objective was to determine if the decrease in mature protein occurs in skeletal muscles of male Stat5b â/â mice (Stat5b mediates the actions of GH). As expected, mature myostatin protein was not reduced in Stat5b â/â males compared with females. However, myostatin mRNA remained higher in males than females irrespective of genotype. These
data suggest that: (1) the decrease in mature myostatin protein is developmentally regulated, (2) GH acting via Stat5b regulates
the abundance of mature myostatin and (3) GH acts via a non-Stat5b pathway to regulate myostatin mRNA.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Down-Regulation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Knockout</subject><subject>Muscle Development - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Myostatin - genetics</subject><subject>Myostatin - metabolism</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Skeletal Muscle And Exercise</subject><subject>STAT5 Transcription Factor - deficiency</subject><subject>STAT5 Transcription Factor - genetics</subject><issn>0022-3751</issn><issn>1469-7793</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNUctu1DAUtRCITgt_gJBXsMrgRxLbGyRUlQKqRBfD2nKSm4mLEwc76Sh_X08zQNmxuvI9Dx_7IPSGki2llH-4G7slWu-2jBC5pSUtGH2GNjQvVSaE4s_RhhDGMi4KeobOY7wjhHKi1Et0RhXJBSNqg_yuA9xAHcBEwHbAvZnmALhffJzMlBZj8BOk-Yg5wPEnOJiMw_0c63S2MenvwfmxhyHt3YID7GdnJmhwteB98Iepw50PvR_gFXrRGhfh9WleoB-fr3aXX7Kb79dfLz_dZHUupcgUYdAqKk1RkUaAZIUqactYowwDakoiSlqVBauKOk-YhJbUvDWCc962HAp-gT6uvuNc9dDUKVowTo_B9iYs2hur_0UG2-m9v9esFOk_ZTJ4dzII_tcMcdK9jTU4Zwbwc9RlKYVSUiRivhLr4GMM0P65hBJ9bEr_bkofm9JrU0n29mnAv6JTNYmgVsLBOlj-y1Tvvt1ylh8zvV-1nd13BxtAr-zoawvTogspNE9PUPwBxLG1Qw</recordid><startdate>200902</startdate><enddate>200902</enddate><creator>Oldham, Jenny M.</creator><creator>Osepchook, Claire C.</creator><creator>Jeanplong, Ferenc</creator><creator>Falconer, Shelley J.</creator><creator>Matthews, Kenneth G.</creator><creator>Conaglen, John V.</creator><creator>Gerrard, David F.</creator><creator>Smith, Heather K.</creator><creator>Wilkins, Richard J.</creator><creator>Bass, James J.</creator><creator>McMahon, Christopher D.</creator><general>The Physiological Society</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200902</creationdate><title>The decrease in mature myostatin protein in male skeletal muscle is developmentally regulated by growth hormone</title><author>Oldham, Jenny M. ; Osepchook, Claire C. ; Jeanplong, Ferenc ; Falconer, Shelley J. ; Matthews, Kenneth G. ; Conaglen, John V. ; Gerrard, David F. ; Smith, Heather K. ; Wilkins, Richard J. ; Bass, James J. ; McMahon, Christopher D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4887-902ef918a5b0d7e825961f22d9a2e1a60761b652b5c42598ef0c3fa7333ff3e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Down-Regulation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Knockout</topic><topic>Muscle Development - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Myostatin - genetics</topic><topic>Myostatin - metabolism</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Skeletal Muscle And Exercise</topic><topic>STAT5 Transcription Factor - deficiency</topic><topic>STAT5 Transcription Factor - genetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oldham, Jenny M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osepchook, Claire C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeanplong, Ferenc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falconer, Shelley J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matthews, Kenneth G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conaglen, John V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerrard, David F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Heather K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilkins, Richard J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bass, James J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McMahon, Christopher D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oldham, Jenny M.</au><au>Osepchook, Claire C.</au><au>Jeanplong, Ferenc</au><au>Falconer, Shelley J.</au><au>Matthews, Kenneth G.</au><au>Conaglen, John V.</au><au>Gerrard, David F.</au><au>Smith, Heather K.</au><au>Wilkins, Richard J.</au><au>Bass, James J.</au><au>McMahon, Christopher D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The decrease in mature myostatin protein in male skeletal muscle is developmentally regulated by growth hormone</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of physiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Physiol</addtitle><date>2009-02</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>587</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>669</spage><epage>677</epage><pages>669-677</pages><issn>0022-3751</issn><eissn>1469-7793</eissn><abstract>Myostatin inhibits myogenesis and there is reduced abundance of the mature protein in skeletal muscles of adult male compared
with female mice. This reduction probably occurs after translation, which suggests that it is a regulated mechanism to reduce
the availability of myostatin in males. Reduced myostatin may, thereby, contribute to the development of sexually dimorphic
growth of skeletal muscle. Our first objective was to determine if the decrease in mature myostatin protein occurs before
the linear growth phase to aid growth, or afterwards to maintain the mass of adult muscle. Mice were killed from 2 to 32 weeks
and the gastrocnemius muscle was excised. Myostatin mRNA increased from 2 to 32 weeks and was higher in males than females
( P < 0.001). In contrast, mature protein decreased in males after 6 weeks ( P < 0.001). Our second objective was to determine if growth hormone (GH) induces the decrease in mature myostatin protein.
GH increased myostatin mRNA and decreased the abundance of mature protein in hypophysectomised mice ( P < 0.05). Our final objective was to determine if the decrease in mature protein occurs in skeletal muscles of male Stat5b â/â mice (Stat5b mediates the actions of GH). As expected, mature myostatin protein was not reduced in Stat5b â/â males compared with females. However, myostatin mRNA remained higher in males than females irrespective of genotype. These
data suggest that: (1) the decrease in mature myostatin protein is developmentally regulated, (2) GH acting via Stat5b regulates
the abundance of mature myostatin and (3) GH acts via a non-Stat5b pathway to regulate myostatin mRNA.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>The Physiological Society</pub><pmid>19047209</pmid><doi>10.1113/jphysiol.2008.161521</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | PubMed Central (Open Access); Wiley |
subjects | Animals Body Weight Down-Regulation Female Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Growth Hormone - metabolism Male Mice Mice, Knockout Muscle Development - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Myostatin - genetics Myostatin - metabolism Sex Characteristics Skeletal Muscle And Exercise STAT5 Transcription Factor - deficiency STAT5 Transcription Factor - genetics |
title | The decrease in mature myostatin protein in male skeletal muscle is developmentally regulated by growth hormone |
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