Alpha 4-integrins mediate antigen-induced late bronchial responses and prolonged airway hyperresponsiveness in sheep

• Published in: The Journal of clinical investigation 1994-02, Vol.93 (2), p.776-787
• Main Authors: Abraham, W M, Sielczak, M W, Ahmed, A, Cortes, A, Lauredo, I T, Kim, J, Pepinsky, B, Benjamin, C D, Leone, D R, Lobb, R R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerosols; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal - administration & dosage; Antibodies, Monoclonal - pharmacology; Antigens, Helminth - administration & dosage; Antigens, Helminth - immunology; Ascaris - immunology; Bronchi - immunology; Bronchi - physiology; Eosinophils - immunology; Eosinophils - physiology; Flow Cytometry; Hypersensitivity - immunology; Hypersensitivity - physiopathology; Injections, Intravenous; Integrin alpha4; Integrins - immunology; Integrins - physiology; Leukocytes - immunology; Leukocytes - physiology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - physiology; Lymphocytes - immunology; Lymphocytes - physiology; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Respiratory System - immunology; Respiratory System - physiopathology; Sheep; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0021-9738
• DOI: 10.1172/JCI117032

Eosinophils and T lymphocytes are thought to be involved in allergic airway inflammation. Both cells express the alpha 4 beta 1-integrin, very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, CD49d/CD29); alpha 4-integrins can promote cellular adhesion and activation. Therefore, we examined the in vivo effects of a blocking anti-alpha 4 monoclonal antibody, HP 1/2, on antigen-induced early and late bronchial responses, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell influx, and peripheral leukocyte counts in allergic sheep. Sheep blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils expressed alpha 4 and bound HP 1/2. In control sheep, Ascaris antigen challenge produced early and late increases in specific lung resistance of 380 +/- 42% and 175 +/- 16% over baseline immediately and 7 h after challenge, respectively, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness continuing for 14 d after antigen challenge. Treatment with HP 1/2 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min before antigen challenge did not affect the early increase in specific lung resistance but inhibited the late-phase increase at 5-8 h by 75% (P < 0.05) and inhibited the post-antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness at 1, 2, 7, and 14 d (P < 0.05, for each time). Intravenous HP 1/2 given 2 h after antigen challenge likewise blocked late-phase airway changes and postchallenge airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway administration of HP 1/2 (16-mg dose) was also effective in blocking these antigen-induced changes. Response to HP 1/2 was specific since an isotypic monoclonal antibody, 1E6, was ineffective by intravenous and aerosol administration. Inhibition of leukocyte recruitment did not totally account for the activity of anti-alpha 4 antibody since HP 1/2 neither diminished the eosinopenia or lymphopenia that followed antigen challenge nor consistently altered the composition of leukocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Because airway administration of HP 1/2 was also active, HP 1/2 may have inhibited cell activation. Reduction of platelet-activating factor-induced eosinophil peroxidase release from HP 1/2-treated eosinophils supports such a mechanism. These findings indicate a role for alpha 4-integrins in processes that lead to airway late phase responses and persisting airway hyperresponsiveness after antigen challenge.