Artificial Chromosomes to Explore and to Exploit Biosynthetic Capabilities of Actinomycetes

Actinomycetes are an important source of biologically active compounds, like antibiotics, antitumor agents, and immunosuppressors. Genome sequencing is revealing that this class of microorganisms has larger genomes relative to other bacteria and uses a considerable fraction of its coding capacity (5...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2012-01, Vol.2012 (2012), p.1-10
Main Authors: Alduina, Rosa, Gallo, Giuseppe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actinobacteria - genetics
Actinobacteria - metabolism
Artificial chromosomes
Bacteria
Biosynthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways - genetics
Chromosomes, Artificial - genetics
Cloning
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA, Bacterial - metabolism
E coli
Fermentation
Gene Library
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Gram-positive bacteria
Metabolites
Methods
Microbiology
Molecular weight
Multigene Family - genetics
Review
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Summary:Actinomycetes are an important source of biologically active compounds, like antibiotics, antitumor agents, and immunosuppressors. Genome sequencing is revealing that this class of microorganisms has larger genomes relative to other bacteria and uses a considerable fraction of its coding capacity (5–10%) for the production of mostly cryptic secondary metabolites. To access actinomycetes biosynthetic capabilities or to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and production yields of these chemically complex compounds, genetic manipulation of the producer strains can be performed. Heterologous expression in amenable hosts can be useful to exploit and to explore the genetic potential of actinomycetes and not cultivable but interesting bacteria. Artificial chromosomes that can be stably integrated into the Streptomyces genome were constructed and demonstrated to be effective for transferring entire biosynthetic gene clusters from intractable actinomycetes into more suitable hosts. In this paper, the construction of several shuttle Escherichia coli-Streptomyces artificial chromosomes is discussed together with old and new strategies applied to improve heterologous production of secondary metabolites.
ISSN:1110-7243
2314-6133
1110-7251
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2012/462049