Calcium orthophosphates: Occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications

The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e.,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomatter (Austin, TX) TX), 2011-10, Vol.1 (2), p.121-164
Main Author: Dorozhkin, Sergey V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
antlers
Antlers - physiology
Atherosclerosis - physiopathology
Binding
Biocompatible Materials - chemistry
Biology
biomimetics
Biomimetics - methods
Bioscience
bones
calcification
Calcinosis
Calcium
calcium orthophosphates
Calcium Phosphates - chemistry
Cancer
Cell
Crystallization
Cycle
Dental Caries - physiopathology
fluorapatite
Geology
Humans
hydroxyapatite
Landes
Organogenesis
Osteoporosis - physiopathology
Proteins
Review
teeth
Tooth - physiology
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium orthophosphates, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium orthophosphates. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered an in vivo dissolution of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, calcium orthophosphates hold a great significance for humankind, and in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
ISSN:2159-2527
2159-2535
2159-2535
DOI:10.4161/biom.18790