A-to-I RNA Editing: Effects on Proteins Key to Neural Excitability

RNA editing by adenosine deamination is a process used to diversify the proteome. The expression of ADARs, the editing enzymes, is ubiquitous among true metazoans, and so adenosine deamination is thought to be universal. By changing codons at the level of mRNA, protein function can be altered, perha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2012-05, Vol.74 (3), p.432-439
Main Authors: Rosenthal, Joshua J.C., Seeburg, Peter H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine
Adenosine - genetics
Adenosine - metabolism
Animals
Apoptosis
Biophysical Phenomena - genetics
Codons
Cold
Deamination
Editing
Enzymes
Excitability
Genotype & phenotype
Humans
Ion Channels
Mammals
Metazoa
Models, Biological
mRNA
Neurons - physiology
Proteins
Proteins - genetics
Proteins - metabolism
Reptiles & amphibians
RNA Editing
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Temperature
Vertebrates
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Summary:RNA editing by adenosine deamination is a process used to diversify the proteome. The expression of ADARs, the editing enzymes, is ubiquitous among true metazoans, and so adenosine deamination is thought to be universal. By changing codons at the level of mRNA, protein function can be altered, perhaps in response to physiological demand. Although the number of editing sites identified in recent years has been rising exponentially, their effects on protein function, in general, are less well understood. This review assesses the state of the field and highlights particular cases where the biophysical alterations and functional effects caused by RNA editing have been studied in detail. RNA editing is a widespread phenomenon in the nervous system of most animals. In this Perspective, Rosenthal and Seeburg assess the state of the field and highlight particular cases where the biophysical alterations and functional effects caused by RNA editing have been studied in detail.
ISSN:0896-6273
1097-4199
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.010