Adult neurogenesis in brain repair: cellular plasticity vs. cellular replacement

New functional neurons are produced under physiological conditions in two neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus (Gage, 2000). [...]various studies have shown the prese...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in neuroscience 2014, Vol.8, p.17-17
Main Authors: Quadrato, Giorgia, Elnaggar, Mohamed Y, Di Giovanni, Simone
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amygdala
Brain damage
Brain injury
Brain research
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Dentate gyrus
Functional plasticity
Hypothalamus
Integration
Ischemia
Neocortex
Neostriatum
Nervous system
Neural stem cells
Neurogenesis
Neurological disorders
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Physiology
Stem cells
Substantia nigra
Subventricular zone
Ventricle (lateral)
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Summary:New functional neurons are produced under physiological conditions in two neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus (Gage, 2000). [...]various studies have shown the presence of “local” progenitors residing in various brain regions outside the stem cell niches including; neocortex, cerebellum, striatum, amygdala, substantia nigra, and hypothalamus (Ming and Song, 2005; Martino et al., 2011; Crociara et al., 2013). [...]increasing the number of functional neural precursor cells by increasing their survival rate, via pharmacological or genetic modulation, could be a promising strategy for brain repair. The introduction of new neurons in the existing brain structure requires complex processes including: (i) directed migration of the new neurons to the proper site of integration and (ii) directed neurite-growth over long distances, which have not been demonstrated in the adult brain outside the neurogenic niches. [...]the introduction of new neurons directly to the site of damage in the brain either by exogenous or endogenous sources faces major challenges such as differentiation to the correct subtype and integration. [...]one fundamental question is how we can make use of the reactive pool of neural precursor cells residing in the neurogenic niches to take over the function of a remote damaged brain region.
ISSN:1662-4548
1662-453X
1662-453X
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2014.00017