CD169-Dependent Cell-Associated HIV-1 Transmission: A Driver of Virus Dissemination

Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs across mucosal surfaces of the genital and gastrointestinal tracts and accounts for the vast majority of newly acquired infections worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, interventional strategies such as microbicid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2014-12, Vol.210 (suppl 3), p.S641-S647
Main Authors: Gummuluru, Suryaram, Ramirez, Nora-Guadalupe Pina, Akiyama, Hisashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology
Cell membranes
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - virology
HIV 1
HIV infections
HIV Infections - transmission
HIV-1 - physiology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Humans
Infections
Macrophages
Mucous Membrane - virology
Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1 - physiology
Supplement
Synapses
T lymphocytes
Virions
Viruses
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Summary:Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs across mucosal surfaces of the genital and gastrointestinal tracts and accounts for the vast majority of newly acquired infections worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, interventional strategies such as microbicides that target viral attachment and entry into mucosa-resident target cells are particularly attractive and might have the greatest impact on reducing the HIV-1 pandemic. Rational development of microbicides would be greatly aided with a better understanding of several key questions of mucosal HIV-1 transmission, including the molecular mechanism(s) of how HIV-1 traverses mucosal barriers, the type of cells that it initially infects to gain a foothold in the naive host, and how it is disseminated from local sites of infection to draining lymph nodes. In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) in cell-associated HIV-1 transmission and in facilitating systemic HIV-1 dissemination. We will evaluate the role of CD 169 as a DC-associated HIV-1 attachment factor, investigate the molecular mechanisms by which HIV-1 particles are transferred from DCs to CD4⁺ T cells across virological synapses, and provide arguments for inclusion of molecules in microbicides that can effectively target HIV-1 attachment to DCs and DC-mediated virus transfer.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu442