Associations of Vitamin D Intake with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Overweight and Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Children

• Published in: Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2013-11, Vol.113 (11), p.1511-1516
• Main Authors: Au, Lauren E., PhD, RD, Rogers, Gail T., MA, Harris, Susan S., DSc, Dwyer, Johanna T., DSc, RD, Jacques, Paul F., DSc, Sacheck, Jennifer M., PhD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; adolescents; African Americans; African Continental Ancestry Group; Blacks; Child; Child, Preschool; childhood obesity; children; Continental Population Groups; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Estimated Average Requirement; Ethnic Groups; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; foods; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Hispanic Americans; Humans; Infant; Internal Medicine; Male; Mexican Americans; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity - blood; Overweight - blood; regression analysis; risk; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States - epidemiology; vitamin D; Vitamin D - administration & dosage; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; vitamin D deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology
• ISSN: 2212-2672; 2212-2680
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.05.025

Abstract Overweight children and minorities are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Little information exists on whether overweight children and minorities who do not meet dietary vitamin D recommendations are at risk for low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status. Vitamin D intake from foods and dietary supplements was estimated in 3,310 children/adolescents who were examined as part of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight status was dichotomized into healthy weight or overweight/obese. Parent-reported race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, or other. Adjusted logistic regression was used to determine whether children who did not achieve the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were at increased risk for inadequate 25OHD. Nearly 75% of children failed to meet the EAR. Overall, not meeting the EAR was associated with inadequate 25OHD (odds ratio=2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.5). However, this association differed by weight status ( P =0.02) and race/ethnicity ( P =0.02). Overweight/obese children who failed to meet the EAR were five times more likely to be at risk for inadequate 25OHD than overweight/obese children who met it (95% CI 2.0 to 12.7; P