Inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus by citric acid and sodium carbonate with deicers

Three out of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) since 2010 in the Republic of Korea have occurred in the winter. At the freezing temperatures, it was impossible to spray disinfectant on the surfaces of vehicles, roads, and farm premises because the disinfectant would be frozen shortly af...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2015-11, Vol.81 (21), p.7610-7614
Main Authors: Hong, Jang-Kwan, Lee, Kwang-Nyeong, You, Su-Hwa, Kim, Su-Mi, Tark, Dongseob, Lee, Hyang-Sim, Ko, Young-Joon, Seo, Min-Goo, Park, Jong-Hyeon, Kim, Byounghan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbonates - metabolism
Chemicals
Citric Acid - metabolism
Cold
Cold Temperature
Disinfectants - metabolism
Disinfection & disinfectants
Epidemics
Ethanol - metabolism
Foot & mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - drug effects
Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
Republic of Korea
Sodium Chloride - metabolism
Time Factors
Viral Load
Virus Inactivation
Weather
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Summary:Three out of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) since 2010 in the Republic of Korea have occurred in the winter. At the freezing temperatures, it was impossible to spray disinfectant on the surfaces of vehicles, roads, and farm premises because the disinfectant would be frozen shortly after discharge and the surfaces of the roads or machines would become slippery in cold weather. In this study, we added chemical deicers (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ethyl alcohol, and commercial windshield washer fluid) to keep disinfectants (0.2% citric acid and 4% sodium carbonate) from freezing, and we tested their virucidal efficacies under simulated cold temperatures in a tube. The 0.2% citric acid could reduce the virus titer 4 logs at -20°C with all the deicers. On the other hand, 4% sodium carbonate showed little virucidal activity at -20°C within 30 min, although it resisted being frozen with the function of the deicers. In conclusion, for the winter season, we may recommend the use of citric acid (>0.2%) diluted in 30% ethyl alcohol or 25% sodium chloride solvent, depending on its purpose.
ISSN:0099-2240
1098-5336
1098-6596
DOI:10.1128/AEM.01673-15