Cortical thickness of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predicts strategic choices in economic games

Human prosociality has been traditionally explained in the social sciences in terms of internalized social norms. Recent neuroscientific studies extended this traditional view of human prosociality by providing evidence that prosocial choices in economic games require cognitive control of the impuls...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2016-05, Vol.113 (20), p.5582-5587
Main Authors: Yamagishi, Toshio, Takagishi, Haruto, de Souza Rodrigues Fermin, Alan, Kanai, Ryota, Li, Yang, Matsumoto, Yoshie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Choice Behavior
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cooperative Behavior
Economics
Female
Games, Experimental
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Neurosciences
Personality
Prefrontal Cortex - anatomy & histology
Social interaction
Social Sciences
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Summary:Human prosociality has been traditionally explained in the social sciences in terms of internalized social norms. Recent neuroscientific studies extended this traditional view of human prosociality by providing evidence that prosocial choices in economic games require cognitive control of the impulsive pursuit of self-interest. However, this view is challenged by an intuitive prosociality view emphasizing the spontaneous and heuristic basis of prosocial choices in economic games. We assessed the brain structure of 411 players of an ultimatum game (UG) and a dictator game (DG) and measured the strategic reasoning ability of 386. According to the reflective norm-enforcement view of prosociality, only those capable of strategically controlling their selfish impulses give a fair share in the UG, but cognitive control capability should not affect behavior in the DG. Conversely, we support the intuitive prosociality view by showing for the first time, to our knowledge, that strategic reasoning and cortical thickness of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were not related to giving in the UG but were negatively related to giving in the DG. This implies that the uncontrolled choice in the DG is prosocial rather than selfish, and those who have a thicker dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and are capable of strategic reasoning (goal-directed use of the theory of mind) control this intuitive drive for prosociality as a means to maximize reward when there are no future implications of choices.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1523940113