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Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs
Background Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide. Hypothesis/Objectives Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values...
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| Published in: | Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2015-05, Vol.29 (3), p.781-785 |
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| container_title | Journal of veterinary internal medicine |
| container_volume | 29 |
| creator | Cave, N.J. Koo, S.T. |
| description | Background
Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.
Animals
Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.
Methods
Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated (Hcal+) using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and Ka), and subsequently Hcal+ was compared with the dog's actual pH (Hmeasured+). To determine the source of discordance between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+, the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and Ka.
Results
The Hcal+ did not approximate the Hmeasured+ for any dog (P = 0.499, r2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and Ka did not significantly improve the accuracy (r2 = 0.169 to |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jvim.12579 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4895425</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2290056250</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5519-5fe5b3db4529d7ed999403838f78d2d70a3e711ba442502a45af89fceaf7ff2e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModq3e-AMk4E0RpiaZZJLcCKW2dqWisn5chmzmZJtlZrLNZFb23zd1a1Ev9NzkQB4e8uZF6Dklx7TM6_U29MeUCakfoBnVta5oI5uHaEaUplXTcHKAnozjmhAmhJCP0QETWjYNJTP0_fNkhxyyzWEL-MS5KVm3w9HjfAV4EfpNF3yAFi9yisMKz-OAz66ngpclR_wpQRtcxgtIU483FzgM-G1cjU_RI2-7EZ7dnYfo6_nZl9OL6vLju_npyWXlhKC6Eh7Esm6XXDDdSmi11pzUqlZeqpa1ktgaJKVLyzkThFkurFfaO7Bees-gPkRv9t7NtOyhdTDkZDuzSaG3aWeiDebPmyFcmVXcGq60KM4iOLoTpHg9wZhNH0YHXWcHiNNoqKSEcVZz_n-0UUwprZks6Mu_0HWc0lB-wjCmCRFNiVOoV3vKpTiOCfz9uykxt9Wa22rNz2oL_OL3pPfory4LQPfAj9DB7h8q8_7b_MNeegMjx66v</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2290056250</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</source><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Cave, N.J. ; Koo, S.T.</creator><creatorcontrib>Cave, N.J. ; Koo, S.T.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.
Animals
Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.
Methods
Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated (Hcal+) using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and Ka), and subsequently Hcal+ was compared with the dog's actual pH (Hmeasured+). To determine the source of discordance between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+, the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and Ka.
Results
The Hcal+ did not approximate the Hmeasured+ for any dog (P = 0.499, r2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and Ka did not significantly improve the accuracy (r2 = 0.169 to <0.001). Substituting the effective SID (Atot−[HCO3−]) produced a strong association between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+ (r2 = 0.977).
Conclusions and clinical importance
Using the simplified strong ion equation and the published values for Atot and Ka does not appear to provide a quantitative explanation for the acid‐base status of dogs. Efficacy of substituting the effective SID in the simplified strong ion equation suggests the error lies in calculating the SID.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0891-6640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12579</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25976610</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acid-Base Imbalance - blood ; Acid-Base Imbalance - veterinary ; Acids ; Acid‐base ; Animal diseases ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Blood gas analysis ; Blood Gas Analysis - methods ; Blood Gas Analysis - veterinary ; blood gases ; blood serum ; Canine ; Carbon dioxide ; Discordance ; dissociation ; Dog Diseases - blood ; Dogs ; Dogs - blood ; Dogs - physiology ; Electrochemical ; Electrochemistry ; Electrolytes ; equations ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metabolism ; Plasma ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Strong ion difference ; Teaching hospitals ; Variables</subject><ispartof>Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2015-05, Vol.29 (3), p.781-785</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2015. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5519-5fe5b3db4529d7ed999403838f78d2d70a3e711ba442502a45af89fceaf7ff2e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5519-5fe5b3db4529d7ed999403838f78d2d70a3e711ba442502a45af89fceaf7ff2e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2290056250/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2290056250?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,11541,25731,27901,27902,36989,36990,44566,46027,46451,53766,53768,74869</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976610$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cave, N.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koo, S.T.</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs</title><title>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.
Animals
Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.
Methods
Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated (Hcal+) using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and Ka), and subsequently Hcal+ was compared with the dog's actual pH (Hmeasured+). To determine the source of discordance between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+, the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and Ka.
Results
The Hcal+ did not approximate the Hmeasured+ for any dog (P = 0.499, r2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and Ka did not significantly improve the accuracy (r2 = 0.169 to <0.001). Substituting the effective SID (Atot−[HCO3−]) produced a strong association between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+ (r2 = 0.977).
Conclusions and clinical importance
Using the simplified strong ion equation and the published values for Atot and Ka does not appear to provide a quantitative explanation for the acid‐base status of dogs. Efficacy of substituting the effective SID in the simplified strong ion equation suggests the error lies in calculating the SID.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Acid-Base Equilibrium</subject><subject>Acid-Base Imbalance - blood</subject><subject>Acid-Base Imbalance - veterinary</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Acid‐base</subject><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Blood gas analysis</subject><subject>Blood Gas Analysis - methods</subject><subject>Blood Gas Analysis - veterinary</subject><subject>blood gases</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>Canine</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Discordance</subject><subject>dissociation</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Dogs - blood</subject><subject>Dogs - physiology</subject><subject>Electrochemical</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electrolytes</subject><subject>equations</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Strong ion difference</subject><subject>Teaching hospitals</subject><subject>Variables</subject><issn>0891-6640</issn><issn>1939-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModq3e-AMk4E0RpiaZZJLcCKW2dqWisn5chmzmZJtlZrLNZFb23zd1a1Ev9NzkQB4e8uZF6Dklx7TM6_U29MeUCakfoBnVta5oI5uHaEaUplXTcHKAnozjmhAmhJCP0QETWjYNJTP0_fNkhxyyzWEL-MS5KVm3w9HjfAV4EfpNF3yAFi9yisMKz-OAz66ngpclR_wpQRtcxgtIU483FzgM-G1cjU_RI2-7EZ7dnYfo6_nZl9OL6vLju_npyWXlhKC6Eh7Esm6XXDDdSmi11pzUqlZeqpa1ktgaJKVLyzkThFkurFfaO7Bees-gPkRv9t7NtOyhdTDkZDuzSaG3aWeiDebPmyFcmVXcGq60KM4iOLoTpHg9wZhNH0YHXWcHiNNoqKSEcVZz_n-0UUwprZks6Mu_0HWc0lB-wjCmCRFNiVOoV3vKpTiOCfz9uykxt9Wa22rNz2oL_OL3pPfory4LQPfAj9DB7h8q8_7b_MNeegMjx66v</recordid><startdate>201505</startdate><enddate>201505</enddate><creator>Cave, N.J.</creator><creator>Koo, S.T.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201505</creationdate><title>Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs</title><author>Cave, N.J. ; Koo, S.T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5519-5fe5b3db4529d7ed999403838f78d2d70a3e711ba442502a45af89fceaf7ff2e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Acid-Base Equilibrium</topic><topic>Acid-Base Imbalance - blood</topic><topic>Acid-Base Imbalance - veterinary</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Acid‐base</topic><topic>Animal diseases</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Blood gas analysis</topic><topic>Blood Gas Analysis - methods</topic><topic>Blood Gas Analysis - veterinary</topic><topic>blood gases</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>Canine</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Discordance</topic><topic>dissociation</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Dogs - blood</topic><topic>Dogs - physiology</topic><topic>Electrochemical</topic><topic>Electrochemistry</topic><topic>Electrolytes</topic><topic>equations</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Strong ion difference</topic><topic>Teaching hospitals</topic><topic>Variables</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cave, N.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koo, S.T.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cave, N.J.</au><au>Koo, S.T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs</atitle><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><date>2015-05</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>781</spage><epage>785</epage><pages>781-785</pages><issn>0891-6640</issn><eissn>1939-1676</eissn><abstract>Background
Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.
Animals
Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.
Methods
Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated (Hcal+) using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and Ka), and subsequently Hcal+ was compared with the dog's actual pH (Hmeasured+). To determine the source of discordance between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+, the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and Ka.
Results
The Hcal+ did not approximate the Hmeasured+ for any dog (P = 0.499, r2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and Ka did not significantly improve the accuracy (r2 = 0.169 to <0.001). Substituting the effective SID (Atot−[HCO3−]) produced a strong association between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+ (r2 = 0.977).
Conclusions and clinical importance
Using the simplified strong ion equation and the published values for Atot and Ka does not appear to provide a quantitative explanation for the acid‐base status of dogs. Efficacy of substituting the effective SID in the simplified strong ion equation suggests the error lies in calculating the SID.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>25976610</pmid><doi>10.1111/jvim.12579</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2015-05, Vol.29 (3), p.781-785 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles; Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Accuracy Acid-Base Equilibrium Acid-Base Imbalance - blood Acid-Base Imbalance - veterinary Acids Acid‐base Animal diseases Animals Biochemistry Blood gas analysis Blood Gas Analysis - methods Blood Gas Analysis - veterinary blood gases blood serum Canine Carbon dioxide Discordance dissociation Dog Diseases - blood Dogs Dogs - blood Dogs - physiology Electrochemical Electrochemistry Electrolytes equations Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Metabolism Plasma Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results Strong ion difference Teaching hospitals Variables |
| title | Quantitative Accuracy of the Simplified Strong Ion Equation to Predict Serum pH in Dogs |
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