RAR1 positively controls steady state levels of barley MLA resistance proteins and enables sufficient MLA6 accumulation for effective resistance

• Published in: The Plant cell 2004-12, Vol.16 (12), p.3480-3495
• Main Authors: Bieri, S, Mauch, S, Shen, Q.H, Peart, J, Devoto, A, Casais, C, Ceron, F, Schulze, S, Steinbiss, H.H, Shirasu, K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Airborne microorganisms; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism; Barley; Blumeria graminis; Carrier Proteins - genetics; Carrier Proteins - metabolism; Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism; Cell Membrane - metabolism; cell membranes; Chimeras; Disease resistance; Down-Regulation - genetics; Epitopes; Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei; Fungi - physiology; Gels; gene expression; Homeostasis - physiology; Hordeum - genetics; Hordeum - metabolism; Hordeum - microbiology; Hordeum vulgare; Host-Parasite Interactions - physiology; Immunity, Innate - genetics; Immunity, Innate - physiology; leaves; MLA proteins; Plant cells; Plant Diseases - genetics; Plant Diseases - microbiology; plant pathogenic fungi; plant proteins; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Plants; Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics; Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism; Plants, Genetically Modified - microbiology; powdery mildew; Protein Isoforms - genetics; Protein Isoforms - metabolism; Protein Structure, Tertiary - physiology; Proteins; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional - physiology; Transgenes; Up-Regulation - genetics; Yeasts
• ISSN: 1040-4651; 1532-298X
• DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.026682

The polymorphic barley (Hordeum vulgare) Mla locus harbors allelic race-specific resistance (R) genes to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f sp hordei. The highly sequence-related MLA proteins contain an N-terminal coiled-coil structure, a central nucleotide binding (NB) site, a Leu-rich repeat (LRR) region, and a C-terminal non-LRR region. Using transgenic barley lines expressing epitope-tagged MLA1 and MLA6 derivatives driven by native regulatory sequences, we show a reversible and salt concentration-dependent distribution of the intracellular MLA proteins in soluble and membrane-associated pools. A posttranscriptional process directs fourfold greater accumulation of MLA1 over MLA6. Unexpectedly, in rar1 mutant plants that are compromised for MLA6 but not MLA1 resistance, the steady state level of both MLA isoforms is reduced. Furthermore, differential steady state levels of MLA1/MLA6 hybrid proteins correlate with their requirement for RAR1; the RAR1-independent hybrid protein accumulates to higher levels and the RAR1-dependent one to lower levels. Interestingly, yeast two-hybrid studies reveal that the LRR domains of RAR1-independent but not RAR1-dependent MLA isoforms interact with SGT1, a RAR1 interacting protein required for the function of many NB-LRR type R proteins. Our findings implicate the existence of a conserved mechanism to reach minimal NB-LRR R protein thresholds that are needed to trigger effective resistance responses.