The Enzymology of Organic Transformations: A Survey of Name Reactions in Biological Systems

Chemical reactions that are named in honor of their true, or at least perceived, discoverers are known as “name reactions”. This Review is a collection of biological representatives of named chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on reaction types and catalytic mechanisms that showcase both the chem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2017-03, Vol.56 (13), p.3446-3489
Main Authors: Lin, Chia‐I., McCarty, Reid M., Liu, Hung‐wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria - chemistry
Bacteria - enzymology
Bacteria - metabolism
Biocatalysis
Biological Products - chemistry
Biological Products - metabolism
Biosynthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways
Carboxylation
Catalysis
Chemical reactions
Condensates
Cyclization
enzymes
Enzymology
Fungi - chemistry
Fungi - enzymology
Fungi - metabolism
Humans
name reaction
Natural products
Organic chemistry
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Plants - chemistry
Plants - enzymology
Plants - metabolism
reaction mechanisms
Substitution reactions
Substrate Specificity
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Summary:Chemical reactions that are named in honor of their true, or at least perceived, discoverers are known as “name reactions”. This Review is a collection of biological representatives of named chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on reaction types and catalytic mechanisms that showcase both the chemical diversity in natural product biosynthesis as well as the parallels with synthetic organic chemistry. An attempt has been made, whenever possible, to describe the enzymatic mechanisms of catalysis within the context of their synthetic counterparts and to discuss the mechanistic hypotheses for those reactions that are currently active areas of investigation. This Review has been categorized by reaction type, for example condensation, nucleophilic addition, reduction and oxidation, substitution, carboxylation, radical‐mediated, and rearrangements, which are subdivided by name reactions. Naming names: Chemical reactions that are named after their discoverers are known as “name reactions”. This Review is a collection of biological representatives of named chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on reaction types and catalytic mechanisms that showcase both the chemical diversity in natural product biosynthesis as well as the parallels with synthetic organic chemistry.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.201603291