Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Toxocara Species in the United States and Associated Risk Factors, 2011-2014

Toxocariasis results from infection with larval stages of a dog and cat intestinal nematode and causes human morbidity. The current United States estimate of Toxocara exposure is 13.9% (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] III [1988-1994]). We used a multiplex bead-based assay (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2018-01, Vol.66 (2), p.206-212
Main Authors: Liu, Eugene W, Chastain, Holly M, Shin, Sun Hee, Wiegand, Ryan E, Kruszon-Moran, Deanna, Handali, Sukwan, Jones, Jeffrey L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Confidence intervals
Cytotoxicity
Enzyme immunoassay
Households
Immunoassay
Immunoglobulins
Intestine
Lymphocytes T
Morbidity
Nematodes
Nutrition
Parasites
Poverty
Regression analysis
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Serology
Statistical analysis
Toxocara
Toxocariasis
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Summary:Toxocariasis results from infection with larval stages of a dog and cat intestinal nematode and causes human morbidity. The current United States estimate of Toxocara exposure is 13.9% (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] III [1988-1994]). We used a multiplex bead-based assay (Tc-CTL-1MBA) with purified Toxocara canis antigen to estimate Toxocara antibody seroprevalence in serum of 13 509 persons aged ≥6 years from NHANES 2011-2014 and identified seropositivity risk factors. We tested a subset of 500 samples with the T. canis enzyme immunoassay used in NHANES III to estimate prior seroprevalence had samples from NHANES III been tested by Tc-CTL-1MBA. The age-standardized estimate of Toxocara seroprevalence was 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2%-5.8%), lower than previously reported even after adjusting for increased Tc-CTL-1MBA specificity. Risk factors for seropositivity from multiple logistic regression were older age, non-Hispanic black/Hispanic origin, male sex, living below poverty level, households with ≥0.5 persons per room, less than college education, and birth outside of the United States. Toxocara seroprevalence estimates in 2011-2014 were lower than in a study from NHANES III (1988-1994), but seropositivity risk factors remained the same and should continue to be the focus of prevention efforts.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/cix784