Personalized Cardio‐Metabolic Responses to an Anti‐Inflammatory Nutrition Intervention in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research 2018-05, Vol.62 (10), p.e1701008-n/a
• Main Authors: McMorrow, Aoibheann M., Connaughton, Ruth M., Magalhães, Tiago R., McGillicuddy, Fiona C., Hughes, Maria F., Cheishvili, David, Morine, Melissa J., Ennis, Sean, Healy, Marie‐Louise, Roche, Edna F., Tremblay, Richard E., Szyf, Moshe, Lithander, Fiona E., Roche, Helen M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipogenesis - genetics; Adiponectin; Adiponectin - blood; Adolescent; Adolescents; Ascorbic acid; Biology; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Body mass; Body weight; Cholesterol; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA; DNA Methylation; Female; Green tea; Health risks; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - diet therapy; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intervention; Lipids - blood; Low density lipoprotein; Lycopene; Male; Metabolism; Modulation; Molecular chains; Nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity - diet therapy; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; personalized nutrition; Phenotypes; Pretreatment; Randomization; Teenagers; Tocopherol; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin C; Vitamin E
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701008

Scope Chronic inflammation and hypoadiponectinemia are characteristics of obesity‐induced insulin resistance (IR). The effect of an anti‐inflammatory nutrition supplement (AINS) on IR and adiponectin biology in overweight adolescents was investigated. The secondary objective was to examine the extent to which individuals’ biomarker profiles, derived from baseline phenotypes, predicted response or not to the AINS. Additionally, the impact of DNA methylation on intervention efficacy was assessed. Methods and results Seventy overweight adolescents (13–18 years) were recruited to this randomized controlled crossover trial. Participants received an AINS (long chain n‐3 PUFA, vitamin C, α‐tocopherol, green tea extract, and lycopene) and placebo for 8 weeks each. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐IR, adiponectin, inflammatory profiles, and DNA methylation were assessed. HOMA‐IR was unchanged in the total cohort. High‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin was maintained following the AINS while it decreased over time following the placebo intervention. HOMA‐IR decreased in 40% of subjects (responders) following the AINS. Responders’ pretreatment phenotype was characterized by higher HOMA‐IR, total and LDL cholesterol, but similar BMI in comparison to nonresponders. HMW adiponectin response to the AINS was associated with bidirectional modulation of adipogenic gene methylation. Conclusion The AINS modulated adiponectin biology, an early predictor of type 2 diabetes risk, was associated with bidirectional modulation of adipogenic gene methylation in weight‐stable overweight adolescents. HOMA‐IR decreased in a sub‐cohort of adolescents with an adverse metabolic phenotype. Thus, suggesting that more stratified or personalized nutrition approaches may enhance efficacy of dietary interventions. Chronic inflammation and hypoadiponectinemia are characteristics of obesity‐induced insulin resistance (IR). An anti‐inflammatory nutritional supplement (AINS) containing long‐chain n‐3 PUFA, vitamin C, α‐tocopherol, green tea extract, and lycopene increases HMW adiponectin in weight‐stable overweight adolescents. HOMA‐IR decreases in adolescents with an adverse metabolic phenotype, illustrating potential efficacy optimization within the context of personalized nutrition.