Lifetime air pollution exposure and asthma in a pediatric birth cohort

• Published in: Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2018-05, Vol.141 (5), p.1932-1934.e7
• Main Authors: Rice, Mary B., Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Litonjua, Augusto A., Gillman, Matthew W., Liebman, Nicole, Kloog, Itai, Luttmann-Gibson, Heike, Coull, Brent A., Schwartz, Joel, Koutrakis, Petros, Oken, Emily, Mittleman, Murray A., Gold, Diane R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Air Pollutants - immunology; Air pollution; Air Pollution - adverse effects; Asthma; Asthma - immunology; Birth weight; Breastfeeding & lactation; Censuses; Child; Child, Preschool; Children & youth; Dermatitis; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects; Ethnicity; Family income; Female; Humans; Male; Outdoor air quality; Particulate matter; Questionnaires; Roads & highways; Studies
• ISSN: 0091-6749; 1097-6825
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.062

The satellite model estimates were generated at 10 × 10–km resolution beginning in the year 2000.E10 PM2.5 estimation was then improved by using data from spatial predictors (eg, elevation, population density, traffic density, point and area emissions, and percentages of land use) and temporal predictors (eg, temperature, wind speed, and visibility), as described in detail in previous work.E10,E11 Using PM2.5 values measured on the ground throughout the Northeastern United States, we derived an estimate of local primary PM2.5 generated within 100 m of the home by traffic and the burning of heating fuel (in the winter) estimated by using a secondary land-use regression model.E10 All analyses of PM2.5 exposure were adjusted for local primary PM2.5 values and indicate the community-level exposure to primary and secondary PM2.5, including transported air pollution from outside of the community and primary particles generated more than 100 m from the home. An updated model with satellite data at a resolution of 1 × 1 km became available in 2003E12 after the last year of prenatal enrollment (1999-2002) for this cohort. [...]this model could not be used to estimate year 1 or lifetime exposure averages in this cohort. At each in-person visit, child height and weight were measured by a trained research assistant.Statistical analysis We analyzed associations between exposures and asthma outcomes using logistic regression models, adjusting for child's sex, age, race/ethnicity, parental history of asthma, breast-feeding duration, birth weight for gestational age z score, bronchiolitis in infancy, current household income and smoking, census tract income and education (using 2000 US Census data), season of birth, and date of visit. Early childhood (3-5 y), n = 1444 Midchildhood (7-10 y), n = 1242 Asthma/reactive airways Recurrent wheeze Ever asthma Current asthma Proximity to roadway At birth 1.21 (1.00-1.48) 0.97 (0.73-1.27) 1.02 (0.81-1.28) 0.99 (0.77-1.28) At visit 1.22 (0.99-1.50) 0.88 (0.66-1.18) 1.34 (1.06-1.68) 1.16 (0.89-1.52) BC First year of life 1.13 (0.93-1.38) 1.14 (0.87-1.49) 0.99 (0.80-1.23) 1.07 (0.84-1.36) Lifetime 1.32 (1.03-1.69) 1.26 (0.91-1.74) 1.00 (0.74-1.35) 1.05 (0.75-1.46) Community-level PM2.5 First year of life 2.25 (1.17-4.33) 2.62 (1.08-6.34) 0.94 (0.47-1.85) 0.95 (0.45-2.04) Lifetime 2.35 (1.12-4.91) 2.89 (1.06-7.85) 1.03 (0.45-2.35) 0.95 (0.38-2.38) Table I Air pollution exposures and odds of asthma in early childhood and midchildhood Ch