Can dimedone be used to study selenoproteins? An investigation into the reactivity of dimedone toward oxidized forms of selenocysteine

• Published in: Protein science 2019-01, Vol.28 (1), p.41-55
• Main Authors: Payne, N. Connor, Barber, Drew R., Ruggles, Erik L., Hondal, Robert J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkylation; Amino acid sequence; Animals; Carboxylic Acids - chemistry; Cyclohexanones - chemistry; Cysteine; dimedone; Dimers; Full‐Length Papers; Hydrogen peroxide; Investigations; Iodoacetic acid; Ionization; Liquid chromatography; Low concentrations; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Mice; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Organoselenium Compounds - chemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Peptides - chemistry; Proteins; Pummerer reaction; Reagents; Redox properties; Reductase; Residues; Selenenic acid; seleninic acid; Selenium; Selenocysteine; Selenocysteine - chemistry; Selenoproteins; Selenoproteins - chemistry; Sulfenic acid; sulfinic acid; Thioredoxin
• ISSN: 0961-8368; 1469-896X
• DOI: 10.1002/pro.3390

Dimedone is a widely used reagent to assess the redox state of cysteine‐containing proteins as it will alkylate sulfenic acid residues, but not sulfinic acid residues. While it has been reported that dimedone can label selenenic acid residues in selenoproteins, we investigated the stability, and reversibility of this label in a model peptide system. We also wondered whether dimedone could be used to detect seleninic acid residues. We used benzenesulfinic acid, benzeneseleninic acid, and model selenocysteine‐containing peptides to investigate possible reactions with dimedone. These peptides were incubated with H2O2 in the presence of dimedone and then the reactions were followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS). The native peptide, H‐PTVTGCUG‐OH (corresponding to the native amino acid sequence of the C‐terminus of mammalian thioredoxin reductase), could not be alkylated by dimedone, but could be carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid. However the “mutant peptide,” H‐PTVTGAUG‐OH, could be labeled with dimedone at low concentrations of H2O2, but the reaction was reversible by addition of thiol. Due to the reversible nature of this alkylation, we conclude that dimedone is not a good reagent for detecting selenenic acids in selenoproteins. At high concentrations of H2O2, selenium was eliminated from the peptide and a dimeric form of dimedone could be detected using LCMS and 1H NMR. The dimeric dimedone product forms as a result of a seleno‐Pummerer reaction with Sec‐seleninic acid. Overall our results show that the reaction of dimedone with oxidized cysteine residues is quite different from the same reaction with oxidized selenocysteine residues.