Optical stimulation of cardiac cells with a polymer-supported silicon nanowire matrix

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2019-01, Vol.116 (2), p.413-421
• Main Authors: Parameswaran, Ramya, Koehler, Kelliann, Rotenberg, Menahem Y., Burke, Michael J., Kim, Jungkil, Jeong, Kwang-Yong, Hissa, Barbara, Paul, Michael D., Moreno, Kiela, Sarma, Nivedina, Hayes, Thomas, Sudzilovsky, Edward, Park, Hong-Gyu, Tian, Bozhi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biocompatibility; Biological Sciences; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial - methods; Cardiomyocytes; Composite materials; Conduction; Electrical conduction; Extracellular Matrix - chemistry; Genetics; Heart; Information processing; Infrared radiation; Infrared Rays; Myocardium - cytology; Myocardium - metabolism; Myocytes, Cardiac - cytology; Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism; Nanotechnology; Nanowires; Nanowires - chemistry; Optical communication; Optics; Optogenetics - methods; Pacemakers; Physical Sciences; PNAS Plus; Polymers; Radiance; Rats; SEE COMMENTARY; Silicon; Silicon - chemistry; Stimulation; Surgical implants
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816428115

Electronic pacemakers can treat electrical conduction disorders in hearts; however, they are invasive, bulky, and linked to increased incidence of infection at the tissue–device interface. Thus, researchers have looked to other more biocompatible methods for cardiac pacing or resynchronization, such as femtosecond infrared light pulsing, optogenetics, and polymer-based cardiac patches integrated with metal electrodes. Here we develop a biocompatible nongenetic approach for the optical modulation of cardiac cells and tissues. We demonstrate that a polymer–silicon nanowire composite mesh can be used to convert fast moving, low-radiance optical inputs into stimulatory signals in target cardiac cells. Our method allows for the stimulation of the cultured cardiomyocytes or ex vivo heart to beat at a higher target frequency.